Motivation - Chapter 6

• person and environment act on each other reciprocally
• the person's needs are fulfilled or frustrated by the environment and the environment produces new form of motivation in the person

psychological need to experience self-direction and personal endorsement in the initiation and regulation of one's behaviour

an individual's understanding of the causal source of his or her motivated actions ranging from internal to external

• unpressured willingness to engage in an activity
• distinction between those who feel free and those who feel coerced

the sense of choice we experience when we find ourselves in environments that provide us with decision-making flexibility that affords us many opportunities from which to choose

• interpersonal sentiment and behaviour to identify, nurture, and develop another's inner motivational resources
• takes the other perosn's perspective
• values personal growth opportunities
• nurtures inner motivational resources
• relies on flexible language
• provides explanatory rationales
• acknowledges and accepts expressions of negative affect
• inapporpriate/listless behaviour are motivational problems to be solved

• interpersonal sentiment and haviour to pressure another toward compliance with a prescribed way of thinking, feeling, or behaving
• pressures the other toward a prescribed outcome
• relies on outer sources of motivation
• relies on pressuring language
• neglects explanatory rationales
• asserts power to silence negative affect and to resolve conflict

communicating the value, worth, meaning, utility, or importance of engaging in an uninteresting behaviour

• nurtures autonomy, competence, and relatedness
• promotes intrinsic motivation and mastery motivation
• higher engagement and positive affect

• psychological need to be effective in interactions with the environment and it reflects the desire to exercise one's capacities and skills and, in doing so, to seek out and master optimal challenges
• promoted by optimal challenge, structure, failure tolerance, feedback

• a state of concentration that involves a holistic absorption and deep involvement in a n activity
• pleasurable; a person will continuously re-engage in an activity to experience it again
• occurs when challenge and skill are perfectly matched

• amount and clarity of information about what the environment expects the person to do to achieve desire outcomes
• nurtures competence when there are clear goals and guidance

• comes from the task, comparisons between present and past, comparisons between self and others, evaluations of others
• allows identification of strengths and new optimal challenges

psychological need to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people and reflects the desire to be emotionally connected to and interpersonally involved in warm relationships

• need to perceive that the other person in the relationship cares about your welfare and likes you
• most importantly, perceive that the authentic, true self is recognized as important by the other

• between acquaintances/people who do business together
• no obligation to be concerned with the other person's needs or welfare

• between people who care about the welfare of the other
• both parties care about the needs of the other and feel obligated to support each other's welfare
• monitor and keep track of the other's needs, regardless of any forthcoming opportunities for reciprocity of material gain
• experience tangible, economic gifts as detrimental to how friendly, relaxed and satisfying forthcoming interactions are likely to be

• the process through which an individual transformation of formerly externally prescribed regulation or value into an internally endorsed one
• happens in relationships that provide relatedness need satisfaction and clear and convincing rationale

• the intensity and emotional quality people show when they initiate and carry out activities
• behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement, and voice
• happens when there is autonomy support, structure, and involvement

on task attention, effort, persistence

interest, enjoyment

preferences for challenge, self-regulation

expressions of one's preferences and interests

• subjective experience of being alive, vital, and energized
• aspect of well-being