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The most commonly used beam energy to treat head and neck cancer is
Cobalt-60 and 4-MV photons
*check with Pam
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The following techniques can be used to deliver a boost dose in the treatment of carcinoma of the base of the tongue
small external beam fields or an interstitial implant
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The majority of cancer in the head and neck region is
squamous cell carcinoma
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A bite block is sometimes inserted between a patient's teeth because
It help's the patient keep his or her mouth open during the treatment so more of the oral mucosa can be excluded from the radiation field
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To make patients more comfortable during treatment, it is a good idea to
provide supports under head, knees, and arms
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Xerostomia is caused by irradiation to the
- salivary glands
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The functions of the saliva are to
- 1)Moisten food
- 2)promote swallowing
- 3)prevent tooth decay
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In the treatment of head and neck cancer, immobilization is particularly important because
- 1)the proximity of several radiosensitive organs
- 2)often small tumor margins
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When carcinoma of the oropharynx is treated, the field junction between opposed lateral and an inferior border should be set-
Cephalad to the thyroid notch
*In book it says to match AT the thyroid notch
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When a patient, immobilized in the supine position, is treated for Graves' opthalmopathy, half-beam blocked opposed lateral fields centered on the lateral canthus are usually used. Both lenses of the eyes are excluded from the beam when rotating the gantry to
An angle when both lead markers placed on the eyelids of the closed eyes are superimposed
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To place a large patient so the head is in the neutral positition
a high support is needed under the head
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To include the entire maxillary antrum without also including the eye when a patient is treated for a maxillary antrum tumor
The chin is extended and the head tilted back
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To avoid overlap between the opposed lateral and anterior fields used in treatment of head and neck cancer
A full-length midline block can be used over the spinal cord in the anterior fields
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The junction between the lateral and the anterior fields is chosen so that, when a full-length midline block is used, the larynx is also blocked in an effort to
avoid laryngitis
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Prior to starting the treatment of boost fields, it is good idea to take port films because
skin and seed markers may have shifted and margins are small
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When the boost field is given and the central axis is moved the dose in the midplane on the central axis of the boost fields is added to the dose received at the ________from the previous fields.
same point
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When the true vocal chords tumors are treated
- A 15 or 30 wedge is often used, but the dose in the anterior commissure could be compromised.
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Early vocal cord cancers with normal cord motility are cured by radiation therapy alone in about ______% of cases.
- 90%
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Retinoblastoma is a tumor of the eye that usually occurs in _________.
small children
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Parotid tumors are often treated using
mixed electron and photon fields
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