Bacteria and Archaea

complex and highly organized microbial communities consisting of layers of microbial cells associated with physical surfaces

• individual cells populate the surface
• eps is produced and attached becomes irreversible
• biofilm architecture develops and matures
• single cells are released from biofilm

Top for oxygen

slime-encased aggregations of microbes

• Increased protection from harmful agents (antibodies), antibiotics and uv radiation
• Increased access to nutrients and the removal of toxic waste
• Increased genetic diversity (dna from one organism may be taken up by another when dead)

Syringes and other places

Biofilms can cause persistent infections, that can be fatal (on catheters or surgically implanted or on exposed skin of burn victims)

Cell to cell communication to determine their cell size.

• autoinducers
• made only by Gram negative bacteria
• in ahl1
• ahl2 by both gram
• oligopeptides produced by gram positive
• A-factor (filamentous gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces griseus)
• Hydroxy-alkyl-quinoline (pseudomonas aeruginosa

• can only live inside host cells.
•  Chlamydia

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoa

make asexual spores; limited to only a small number of spcies

produce sexual and asexual spores

• produce asexual spores
• apicomplexans

• Endospores
• Develop inside vegetative bacterial cells

help bacteria survive harsh conditions

make spores

division, doubling, generation

• Bacterial endospores
• fungal spores
• protozoan spores
• protozoan cysts
• parasitic worms

Lag phase....

False

geometrical increase in population size