Microbiology Lecture - 2 : Procaryotic Cell Structure and Function

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Name the 3 Organisms in the 3 Domain system ? then name whether there cell type is ?
- Archaea - Prokaryote
- Bacteria - Prokaryote
- Eukarya - Eukaryote
Name the 6 Organisms in the 6 Domain system ? then name whether there cell type is ?

Archaeobacteria - Prokaryote

Eubacteria- Prokaryote

Protista-Eukaryotes

Fungi -Eukaryotes

Plantae -Eukaryotes

Animalia -Eukaryotes
Name the 5 Organisms in the 5 Domain system ? then name whether there cell type is ?

Monera or Prokaryotae -Prokaryote

Protista -Prokaryote

Fungi -Eukaroyte

Plantae -Eukaryote

Animalia-Eukaryote
Describe these Cocci based on arrangemnt ?

diplococcus
streptococcus
tetrads
sarcinae
staphylococcus
- diplococcus - 2 cocci
- streptococcus- chain cocci
- tetrads- 4 cocci
- sarcinae - layered cube of cocci
staphylococcus - irregular set of cocci (grapelike)
Describe these Rods based on arrangemnt ?

Bacillus
Diplobacillus
streptobacillus
coccobacillus
Vibrio
fusiform
spirillum
spirochete
helical
mycelial
Filamentous
- Bacillus - Rod shaped
- Diplobacillus - 2 Rods
- streptobacillus - chain rods
- coccobacillus- round like rods
- Vibrio - curved (comma) shaped rods
- fusiform - straight rods with tapered ends
- spirillum- Rigid spiral or corkscrew
- spirochete -flexible spiral or corksrew
- helical - S-shaped Rod
- mycelial - Tube like hyphal tubes
- Filamentous -Long thin chains
Describe these special arrangements ?

Flagellated cell
Palisade bacilli
Radial shaped
Square
- Flagellated cell - has flagella
- Palisade bacilli - bacilli standing long together
- Radial shaped - star shaped Archaea
- Square - Square shaped Archaea
1.Do prokaryotes have a complex cell organization ?

2.Do they have membrane bound organelles?

3.Do they have a simple genetic arrangement ?

4.Do they have cell walls made of Murien/Peptidoglycan ?

5.Do they all have an outer membrane ?

6. Are the following components of the cell wall ?Lipoproteins, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteins

1.No

2.No

3.Yes

4.Yes

5.No

6.No , lipoproteins are absent
Explain what the following component of a prokaryotic cell is ?

Glycocalyx
Pilus
Bactrial Chromosome /DNA
Mesosome
Flagellum
Fimbriae
Inclusion/Granule
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Glycocalyx - a coating or layer external to the cell wall , it has protective , receptive , and adhesive funtions

Pilus- a hollow appendage used for transfering DNA and cell adhesion

Bactrial Chromosome/nucleoid - A single cicular chromosome used for directing the genetics and heredity of the cell

Mesosome- an extension of the cell wall that folds in to increases surface area
- Flagellum- used for motility
- Fimbriae- hair like extensions that are used for adhesion.
Inclusion/Granule -stored nutrients is covered by a crystal like structure

Cell Wall - a semirigid casing

Cell membrane-a thin sheet of lipid and protein that control flow of cytoplasm

Ribosomes - site for protein synthesis
What is the polysaccharides most common form ?

What is a capsule ?

What is the slime layer ?

Glycocalyx

Used to describe the glycocalyx when it is pressed firmly against the cell wall.

It is the glycocalyx when is is loosely attached to the cell wall
What is the glycocalyx used for ?
- Aids in mobility
- Attachment to other objects
Helps to evade host defenses (Macrophages)

Protects against desiccation

Protects against bacteriophages viruses)

Prevents detergents from entering the cell
Is the S-Layer in all prokaryotes ?

Yes
Is the S-Layer external or internal to the cell wall ?

external
What layer is the S-layer associated with in Gram (+) and Gram (-) Bacteria?
- Gram + = the murein/peptidoglycan layer
- Gram - = the outer membrane
What else is the S-Layer called? What is the S-Layer composed of? How many dimensions does it possess?
- The regular surface layer
- Has a crystalline appearance and is composed of protein or glycoproteins
- Two-dimensional array
Does the S-Layer act as a sieve for low weight molecules, allowing them to enter the cell ?

Yes
Which of the following does the S-layer protect the cell from ?
•Changes in ion and pH fluctuations
•Osmotic pressure
•Enzymes
•Predation (e.g. Bdellovibrio)
•Bacteriophage

All of them
Describe these Flagella arrangements ?

Atrichous
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Peritrichious
- Atrichous - No flagella
- Monotrichous - single flagella
- Amphitrchous - single at each end
Lophotrichous- two or more flagella at one end or both

Peritrichious- all over
What is Chemotaxis , Phototaxis ,Aerotaxis, Osmotaxis,and Energytaxis ?
- CHEMOTAXIS
- –movement towards (positive) or away from (negative) chemical stimuli along a
- concentration gradient
- PHOTOTAXIS
- –Movement
- towards (positive) or away from (negative) light
- •AEROTAXIS
- –Movement
- towards (positive) or away from (negative) oxygen
- •OSMOTAXIS
- –Movement
- towards (positive) or away from (negative) conditions of high ionic strength
Regarding the cell wall are the following T or F ?

1.prevent bacterial cells from rupturing when the osmotic pressure?

2.maintain the shape?

3.anchorage point for flagella and fimbriae/pili

4.contributes to pathogenicity
- 1.T
- 2.T
- 3.T
- 4.T
Does the cell wall protect against osmotic pressure ?

yes
Does Gram + or Gram - bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer ?

Which one has peptide interbridges ?

Which one contains teichoic and lipoteichoic acids ?

Gram +

Gram +

Gram +
Does Gram + or Gram - have LPS: which
consists of lipid A , a polysaccharide core, and a O-specific polysaccharide side chain ?

Which one has a periplasm/periplasmic space: located between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane ?

Gram -

Gram -
Does the Deinococcal have gram-positive or gram negative structures ?

What does it consist of ?

Is the outer membrane the same as the Bacterial negative ?

What does the gram stain look like ?

It has a combination of both

A thick murein layer and outer membrane

No

gram positive
Does the Planctomyces have a murein/peptidoglycan layer ?

what is the cell wall composed of ?

What is the gram stain of the planctomyces?

No

Protein only

gram negative
Which bacteria tend to have an ACID-FAST CELL WALL ?

What is the cell wall and outermembrane made of ?

Do acid fast bacteria have porins ?

Mycobacterium and Nocardia

murein/peptidoglycan and mycolic acid -a glycolipid

Yes
Is murein/peptidoglycan susceptible to antibiotics ?

Yes
Does the Archaea cell wall have a rigid layer ?

Does it possess murein ?

What is the cell wall composed of ?

Is it true that some Archaea bacteria have an S-layer that acts as the cell wall?

Yes

No

polysaccharide, protein or glycoprotein

True
What does it mean when a Gram + Archaea stain Gram + ?

It has a thick murein like layer that is not made of murein. There is a substitute for the NAM layer.
Archaea that stain Gram (–) are similiar to planctomyces ,how ?

have a protein layer

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Microbiology Lecture - 2 : Procaryotic Cell Structure and Function

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Updated

2013-10-07T04:44:41Z

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