med surg test 1

• *interstitial space
• *subcutaneous areas

* 270-300 mOsm/L

Hypertonic solutions have a concentration greater than 300 and exert a greater pressure, which pulls water from the <Isotonic Area> to the <Hypertonic Solution> in an attempt to equalize the osmolarity.

Hypotonic solutions have a concetration of less than 270 and exert less pressure, which allows water to be pulled from the <Hypotonic Area> into the <Isotonic Area>.

* Edema (Anasarca- total body, severe edema)

* Increased peritoneal fluid (Ascites)

* Pleural effusion (fluid in space between the lung and chest wall)

* filtration - the way fluid moves between the capillaries and tissue space; not everything moves -- live protein don't move.

* Hydrostatic Pressure - pressure of the fluid itself (blood pressure in capillaries and tissues--pressure pushes the fluid out into the tissues)

* Oncotic pressure - (based on protein, large molecules) pulls water back into the capillaries.

1. Hypoalbuminemia- low albumin in blood (from malnutrition or severe liver damage).

2. Inflammation- (most common) damaged cells become leaky. (burns, belly surgery, bowel obstruction, peritonitis, pleural effusion)

3. Increased venous pressure- * heart failure, right side can't keep up with the demand so the blood backs up in the body. * liver disease, the liver becomes hard and blood can't get thru so blood backs up into the belly.