CRIMINAL LAW

• - Act can be any bodily movement with the exception of (1) conduct which is not the product of own volition, (2) a reflexive/convulsive act, (3) conduct performed while unconscious/asleep
• - Omission: Generally no duty to act or help 3rd person unless (1) by contract, (2) by statute, (3) relationship btw/parties, (4) voluntary assuming of duty ("I'll save him!"), (5) conduct created the peril.

• (1) Specific intent: (a) inchoate offenses (solicitation, attempt, conspiracy), (b) 1st degree murder, (c) assault, (d) common law felonies against property (larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, robbery, burglary, forgery)
• (2) Malice: Reckless disregard of obvious or high risk proscribed harm will occur
• (3) General Intent: Awareness of factors constituting a crime (catch-all)
• (4) Strict Liability

• (1) Purposefully: Conscious choice to engage in certain conduct or cause certain result (specific intent)
• (2) Knowingly/Willfully: Aware conduct is substantially likely to cause certain result
• (3) Recklessly: Knows of substantial/unjustifiable risk and conscious disregard
• (4) Negligence: Fails to be aware of substantial/unjustifiable risk where such failure is a substantial deviation from the standard of care of a reasonable person.

• - Actual Causation: A D is an actual cause if the bad result would not have happened "BUT FOR" D's conduct. NOTE - An accelerating cause is an actual cause
• - Proximate Causation: A D is a proximate cause if the bad result is a natural and probable cause of D's conduct. Consider foreseeability and fairness.
• - Egg-shell Doctrine applies

• - The D must have the mental state at the same time he engages in the act.
• - Issues arise most frequently in larceny and burglary

• - Accomplices are liable for the crime of the principal and all other foreseeable crimes if (1) given aid, counsel or encouragement, and (2) w/intent to aid or encourage principal in commission of crime charged.
• - Sale of goods to help a crime, even with knowledge, generally insufficient unless sufficient stake (procuring illegal item or selling at higher price bc/of knowledge of crime)

- (1) Act of inciting/counseling.advising/urging/commanding another to commit a crime with (b) specific intent that person solicited commits the crime

• - The (1) unlawful (2) application of force to another, (3) resulting in either bodily injury or offensive touching
• - General intent

• (1) Version 1 - Attempted battery (i.e. swing and miss)
• (2) Version 2 - The (1) intentional creation (2) other than by mere words (3) of a reasonable apprehension in the mind of the victim (4) of imminent bodily harm (i.e. fake punch)
• (3) Specific intent required.

- Many states up the punishment if weapon is used, victim is child/elderly/handicapped/vulnerable, or if there was intent to commit robbery or rape.

• - Intentionally causing serious physical injury
• - Weapon ups degree, take away injury lowers degree
• - No separate battery crime. All versions of assault require some kind of injury.