Sociology

Communicating face to face, ased on norms role and statuses

recognized social position

entire ensemble of statuses occupied by individual

involuntary status

vountary status

public identity (major status)

sets of expected behaviours

cluster of roles attached to single status

accepted ways of doing things

people obeying feeling rules

emotion management that many people do as their job

holds that social interaction involves trade in valued resources

focuses on the way interacting people weigh the benefits and costs of interaction

views social interaction as a sort of play

involves giving the impression that we are just goin through emotions

study of how people make snese of what others do

rigid views of how members of various groups act

emphasize that when people interact, their statuses are often arranged in a hierarchy.

mode of interaction in which nearly all power is concentrated in the hands of people of similiar status.

basis of social interaction i nwhich power is more or less equally distributed

is a mode of intearction in which power is unequally distributed

exchanging valued resources and punishments.... homans, blau

maximizing agains and minimizing losses....coleman, hechter

inerpreting negotiating and modifying norms roles and statuses, blumer denzin

impressoin management... goffman

conforming to preexisting norms.. garinkel

complying with status heirarchies... Bourdiu, collins

large impersonal orginization

bounded set of individuals who are linked ny the exchange of material or emotional resources

social relationship between two nodes or social units

social relationship among three noeds or social units

comprises of one or more networks of people who identify with one and other

comprises people who share a similar status but do not identify with one and another

norms roles and stauses are agreed on but are not put in writing.

group pressure to conform despite individual misgivings

members who belong to a group

people who do not belong to a group

comprises of people against whom an individual evaluates

secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives

occurs when bureaucracies treat clients as standar cases and personnel as cogs in a giant machine

becoming so preoccupied with rules and regs.. that they make it difficult for the orginization to fulfill its goals

rule of the few.... few people in power that can change things ex. kings queens

rigid bureaucracies to conitnue their policies even when their clients need change

allows subordinates to work things out largely on their own

demands strict compliance from subordinates

offesr more guidance than the laissez faire variety but less control than the authoriarian type

comprises a host of economic political and cultural forces that lie outside an orginization

collective interacting people who share a culture

people live by seaching for wild plants and hunting wild animals

people in which people domesticate plants and use simple hand tools to garden

occurs when someone departs froma norm

mild sanction that is imposed during face to face interaction.... least serious

people who are negatively evaluated because of a marker

takes place when the judicial system penalizes someone for breaking the law

minor acts of deviance, generally seen as harmless

non criminal departures from the norms, subject to official control

illegal acts that many people consider harmful to society

illegal acts that nearly all people agree are bad and harm society greatly

argues that apparently natural or innate features of life are often sustained ny social processes that vary

illegal act commited by respectable high status persons in his/her work

arson break and enter assault and other illegal acts...usually commited by that of the lower class

involve violations of the law in which no victim steps forward

respondents are asked to report their involvement in crime

surveys in which people are asked whether they have been victims of crime

methods of ensuring conformity

identify the social factors that drive people to commit deviant and criminal acts

identify social factors that impose deviance adn crime

people may turn to deviance when they experience strain

gangs are collective adaptaions to social conditions

rationalizations that deviants and criminals use to justify their activities

holds that people learn to value deviant or non deviant lifestyles depening on whether their social environment leads them to associate more with deviants or non deviants.

holds deviance results not so much from the actions of the deviant from the responce of others

rewrds of deviance and crime are ample

holds that deviance and crime arise out of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless

many people frevently believe that some form of deviance or crim poses a profount threat

the proportion of people re arrested after an initial arrest

attituede that judges a peron on his or her groups real imagined characteristics

unfair treatment of people because of their group

idea to distinguish people based on the colour of their skin and outer characteristics

disadvanaged person or category of people that others blame for their own problems

people whose perceivd cultural markers are deemed socially significant

emphasizes tolerance of ethnic and racial differences

ideaology of hte united states

nostalgic allegiance to the culture of the immigrant generation

belief that a visible characterstic of a gorup such as skin colour indicates group inferiority

spatial and institutional seperation of racial ethnic groups

process by which a minority group blends into the majoority population

race or ethnic group subugating another in the same country

frocible removal of population

intentional extermination of an entire population

forcible capture of land

ownership and control of people

retention of racial and ethnic culture combined with equal access

policy that gives preference to members of minority

actual learning of valuable skills and knowledge

number of years of schooling completed

when marriage partners are selected based on similar criteria

specifiaction by funtionalists of requirements that social institutions must satisfy before industrailsm can be achieved

refers to sentiments emphasizing or even favouring the view that humanity is divided into limited number of populations defined by common culture.

sentiments of solidarity and identification with people who share particular cultural attributes

social hierarchy in which rank corresponds to individual capacities

achieved by creating barriers that restrict certain oppertunities or positions to members of one gorup to the exclusion of others

when people act in unison to bring about or resist change

collective attempts to change all or part of the political or social order by measn of rioting

social movements emerge when traditional norms and pattersn of social organization are disrupted

extreme passion supposedly spreads through a crowd like a disease

social movements are organixations that emerge when potential members can mobile resources

process by which social movements crystallize because of the increasing organizational material and other resources of movement members

number of union members in a given location as percentage of non agricultural workers

process by which individual interests beliefs and alues become congruent and complementary with the activies goals and ideology of social movement.