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How do septate hypha differ from coenocytic hypha?
- -Septate hypae have a septa(figure 22.3)
- -coenocytic hapae arte multinucleated (no seperation)
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How do fungi feed? Do fungi contain chitin?
- - by heterotrophy
- -secrede exoenzymes
- -saprobes
- -mutalistic symbionts
- -parasites
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Describe the general fungal life cycle. What stages are 2n, 1n, dikaryotic? Where does meiosis take place?
- - Sporangium/spres are 1N
- -Zygote are 2N
- -Mycelium are n+n dikaryotic
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. What are some characteristics of the Chytridiomycota?
- - freshwater and terrestrial
- -saprobes or parasites
- -flagellated spores
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What makes the Zygomycota unique?
- -Karyogamy occurs and may go dormant
- -when conditions are favorable,break dormancy, followed by meiosis
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What are the reproductive structures of the Ascomycota? Basidiomycota?
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What are endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae? How does this symbiosis benefit the fungus? the plant?
- -ectomycorrhizae: the fungus wraps around the root, and its mass is often as great as that of the root itself.
- - endomycorrhizae: fungi live within the above ground parts of the plant.
- -Fungus gains sugars and amino acids
- -Plant recieves water and minerals.
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What are lichens?
- Associations of a fungus with a cyanobacterium
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When did animals originate?
-550 million years ago
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Describe three lines of evidence that choanoflagellates are closely related to animals
- -Flagella
- -Morphology
- -Only organisms that have genes for signaling adhesion protiens
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What are some possible causesforthe Cambrian explosion & decline of Ediacarian biota?
- -New predator/prey relationships
- -Rise in atmoshperic oxygen
- -Evolution of Hox gene complex
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of animals and four key features?
- -Multicellular eukaryotes
- -Lack cell walls
- -Heterotrophic
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Contrast radial/bilateral symmetry.
- Radial: No front and back or left and right
- Bilateral: two sided symmetry with right and left, dorsal(top) and ventral (bottom)
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What are the embryonic tissues of animals?
- -Ectoderm
- -Endoderm
- -Mesoderm
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Distinguish & give an example of an acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate animal
- -Coelom = true body cavity (analid)
- -Acoelomates = no body cavity (Platyhelminthes)
- -Psuedocoelom = body cavity derived from blastocoel rahter than mesoderm (nematode)
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How do deuterostomes differ from protostomes?
Plotosomes: Blastopore develops in to mouth
Deuterostomes: Blastopore developes into the anus.
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