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Plato
classical; wrote The Dialogues (The Apology - on Socrates, The Republic, etc.);
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Sophists
philosopher-teachers; sold wisdom; criticized by Socrates
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Cave Allegory
Plato's Republic; in the cave = "comfort zone"
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Thomas Reid
"common sense" approach to morals; moral rationalist
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Theory of Moral Sentiments
by Adam Smith
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John Rawls
"hypothetical consent"; contractualism; veil of ignorance - imagine self w/o race, gender, nationality, etc. and then decide what is right for all, regardless of effect personally; wrote Theory of Justice
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Second Treatise of Government
by Locke; on contract theory
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Irrational Man
by William Barrett
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Soren Kierkegaard
Dread; stages aesthetic to ethical to religious (most stay at aesthetic)
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On Agression
Lorenz; consider environment of species & how they adapt within it.
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Aristotle
speaking creatures; classic tradition; people are political by nature
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Socrates
a founder of western philosophy; portrayed in Plato's dialogues; trial & death
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Four Stages Theory
hunting, shepherding, agriculture, commercial
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The Republic
by Plato; about Socrates
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Divided Line
Plato's Republic; advanced version of Socrates' Cave Allegory; distinction between physical (the sun) & non-physical (the good)
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Ludwig Wittgenstein
reinforces Aristotle; linguist, children use context clues to learn language, don't just memorize image of a chair as "chair"
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Theory of Justice
by John Rawls
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Twilight of the Idols
Nietzsche; play on title from section of Wagner's play; 4 errors - church is hostile to life
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John Stuart Mill
higher or lower pleasures? - It is better to be a disappointed Socrates, than a satisfied pig.
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Konrad Lorenz
wrote On Agression; Naturalist
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Walking Man
by Giacometti; sold for most money ever.
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Jean Paul Sartre
radical freedom - "condemned to be free," accept the burden
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Alberto Giacometti
sculptor of Walking Man
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Epicurus
Greek philosopher; refined Hedonism (finder things in life)
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The Nicomachean Ethics
by Aristotle; considers how humans can achieve best life
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David Hume
moral realism = nonsense; skepticism
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Adam Smith
moral philosopher; profit of capitalism; justice = most important virtue; wrote Theory of Moral Sentiments
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Bernard Mandeville
wrote Private Vices, Public Benefits; said without contacts/consent, there is a natural harmony when people follow our own impulses in private that benefit the public
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Private Vices, Public Benefits
Bernard Mandeville
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Nietzsche
Death of God; Ubermenschen & The Last Man (best of us vs. zombies); egoist/existentialist; christianity = slave morality
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David
Michaelangelo brought the figure out of the marble; represents classical tradition (good life) & cardinal virtues
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Being and Nothingness
by Sartre
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