Canine/Feline Nutrition

• Diet that has to complete 2 needs
• 1) Support life
• 2) Allow for reproduction

Must support life, allow for reproduction but also contains all nutrients required in proper proportions to each other nutrient

• 1) Proteins
• 2) Fats
• 3) Carbohydrates

• 1) Vitamins
• 2) Minerals
• 3) H2O

Under 20 lbs, need 30% more calories, pound for pound

20-75 lbs, 30 calories per pound of body weight

Over 75 lbs, 15% fewer calories pound for pound than medium breeds.

1/4 to 1/3 ounce of food per pound of body weight daily

• 1) Age
• 2) Activity
• 3) Temperature

Mature dog requires lower nutrient intake per pound than dog during growth, gestation, lactation, and hard work

Need higher calorie intake when playing or hard work

10 degree drop in temperature outdoor dogs need 7.5% more calories. Increase in temperature of 10 degrees dog needs 7.5% less calories. Starting temperature is &0 degrees.

28.3 g

16 ounces

15%

9 weeks gestation and 6 weeks lactation. 7-10 days of newborns life eyes remain close and should double birth weight and gain its birth weight each week during lactation

Union of egg and sperm

Separation of zygote

Organ development

When it attaches to uterus

During parnutrition (act of giving birth)

1 embryo

Multiple embryos

• 0-4 weeks- 4 times/day
• 4-10 months- 2-3 times/day
• 10 months- 1 time/day

• 1 cup dry puppy food
• 1 cup canned food
• 1 teaspoon pancake syrup
• 1 cup whole milk
• Blend adding water til its milkshake consistency, feed warm colic possible when cold

• Puppy- 1 oz/lb/24 hrs DRY
• Adult- .5 oz/lb/24 hrs DRY
• 1.5 oz/lb/24 hrs MOIST

After bred bitch will increase gradually during first 6-7 weeks of gestation, during last 2 weeks food intake will increase by as much as 25%, breed bitches may continue reducing food intake to 24 hrs before whelping and temperature drops 8 hours before whelping

Most die within 2 weeks due to hypothermia, heat can be provided by circulating water heating pads, "Bear Huggers" and "Hot dog Wraps". Bitch provides heat with moisture, stimulation of alimentary tract, circulation, mothering, security and milk

• 1st week- 90-85 degrees
• 2nd week- 85 degrees
• 3rd and 4th week- 80 degrees
• 5th week- 70-75 degrees
• After 5th week- 70 degrees

• Bordens Esbilac- dogs
• KLM- cat
• Can feed whole milk

Avoid overfeeding, make gradual food changes, 3-4 hour time periods between nursing and start of milk re-placer feeding

• 3 mins without oxygen
• 3 days without water
• 3 weeks without food

• 1) Body condition
• 2) Hydration
• 3) Daily energy requirements
• 4) Help administer specialized feedings

• 1) Dry with 3-11% water
• 2) Semi-moist with 25-35% water
• 3) Moist with 70-83% water

Cost of feeding a pet per day or cost per year

Dry pet food

• 1) Cost effective
• 2) Convenient
• 3) Easy to use
• 4) Allows owner to leave food out for extended periods of time

• Key nutritional factor immediately after birth. Provides
• 1) fluid for vital postpartum circulatory expansion
• 2) Carries protective maternal antibodies that must be taken within 24-48 hrs to be absorbed via digestive tract
• 3) Contain energy and non-energy producing components of nutrition in high quantities

• At 3 weeks- deciduous teeth start to appear, introduce semisolid gruel
• Between 3-4 weeks- weaning starts
• 5 weeks- Reducing their intake of mothers milk and consume larger amounts of gruel
• After weaning- Ability for pup to digest lactose becomes less efficient and puppies feed milk can develop diarrhea

• -Dont feed the bitch on the day of weaning give plenty of fresh water
• -Second day feed 1/4 normal maintenance amount
• -Third day feed 1/2 of normal maintenance amount
• -Fourth day feed 3/4 normal maintenance
• -Fifth day food should be offered at normal maintenance level

32-34 calories per pound of body weight per day

• 1) Age
• 2) Activity
• 3) Temperature
• 4) Body metabolism

Nephrons filters in kidney that separate good and bad components from the blood, good returned to blood to continue to circulate while waste is excreted through ureter and on out with urine. Don't want a high protein diet with kidney failure b/c it contributes to elevation of BUN and accelerate rate at which the kidney functions.

• 1) Growing dog: 26%
• 2) Maintenance: 20%
• 3) Early signs of kidney disease: 17%
• 4) Renal failure: 12%

Dietary, infections, parasite, neurological, anatomic, allergic, and metabolic

Magnesium, ammonium and phosphate

ACE inhibitor, keep blood pressure down so the renin angiotensin system doesn't keep blood pressure down, blocks the conversion of angotensin I to angiotensin II which stops the production of aldosterone. Sodium and water keeps blood pressure down. When there is a mitral valve deficiency blood backs up into the left atrium and into the lungs causing a pulmonary edema

Resting energy requirements

Parenteral nutrition, delivery of nutrition intravenously, compound solution containing electrolytes, amino acids, and lipids in a crystalloid suspension. Given at a maintenance dose (60 mL/Kg/day)

Will splinter and become wedged in teeth and can lacerate the esophagus or cause GI constipation or obstipation

Animal over its desired weight sue to an accumulation of body fat, number one cause is overfeeding

Weighs half and above its normal weight

44%

• 1) Hypothyroidism
• 2) Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease)

Dexamethasone tolerance test

T3 and T4

• 1) Coronary heart disease
• 2) Diabetes mellitus
• 3) Hypertension
• 4) Pulmonary disorders
• 5) Liver, kidney, and gallbladder disease

• 1) Take a dietary history: type of food, quantity of food fed per day, who feeds the pet
• 2) Preliminary general exam: rule out any diseases
• 3) Discuss subject of pet obesity with client

• 1) Enlist the client
• 2) Set goals
• 3) Determine daily caloric allotments 
• 4) Make client responsible
• 5) Perform regular weigh ins
• 6) Exercise
• 7) Legal treats
• 8) Feed several times a day
• 9) Provide a support program

Replacing fats with carbohydrates or proteins will reduce caloric intake by 50%

Some pet food companies reduce caloric density in their weight-loss diets with high levels like cellulose, but this can deprive the animal of vital nutrients such as proteins and vitamins

• 1) Caloric distribution
• 2) Moderate fermentable fiber
• 3) High quality protein

Eating feces

Boredom

Struvite urolithiasis

Adverse reactions to food

Older dogs at risk for kidney and heart disease

Gastrointestinal conditions, Pancreatitis and colinitis

Kidney failure and moderate heart disease

Liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy, copper storage disease

Growth and recuperative conditions

Obesity and lymphangiectasia

Dissolution of struvite crystals

Urolithiasis, Ca+ oxylate, urate and cystine crystals

Diabetes mellitus, colitis, constipation, obesity, and hyperlipidema