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3 functions of connective tissue?
- Support and connect different tissues
- maintain water required for metabolism
- Allow diffusion of nutrieints to different tissues
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Is connective tissue made mainly with cells?
No mostly ECM but cells are there
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The connective tissue found in organs is reffered to as? And supports the organs functional tissue or?
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The ECM of connective tissue is composed mostly of what?
- Large protein fibers
- Non fibrous areas of ground substance
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All adult connective tissue is derived embryonically from?
mesenchyme which contains undifferentiated stem cells scattered in a gel like mix
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What are 5 cells of the connective tissue? Describe each briefly. What other kinds of immune cells can you find in connective tissue?
- Fibroblasts - synthesize and secrete most components of the ECM
- Adipocytes - very large cells specialized for storage, often found in special connective tissue, adipose tissue
- Macrophages - short lived, differentiate in connective tissue, Function as ECm turnover, phagocytosis of dead cells and debris, and antigen presentation
- Mast cells - Filled with granules, inflammatory and allergic reactions
- Plasma cells - Short lived cells, differentiate from B lymphocytes and are specialized for abundant secretion of specific antibodies
Other leukocytes normally wander these tissues
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what are the most importantconnective tissue fibers?
The collagens
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Who produces collagen?
Fibroblasts
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Postranslational modifications of collagen occur in the? These include?
hydroxylation and formation of trimeric procollagen
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When procollagen is exocytosed what happens to it for it to become trimeric collagen?
- terminal subunits are removed
- They then bind together to begin forming collagen fibrils
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What pattern do we see in collagen fibers? Why?
Cross banding, because highly regular assembly and regular occurrence of spcaes between trimeric collagen bundles
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What helps bundle together collagen?
Non fibrillar linking collagens
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What produces the primary degrader of collagen? What is it?
- Macrophages
- collagenase (classified as metalloproteinases)
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Type 3 collagen produces? Which stains darkly with? and is found in?
- reticular fibers
- silver
- immune and lymphoid tissues
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What is a technical name of elastic sheets?
elastic lamellae
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Does ground substance stain well?
Nope
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Sulfated GAGs are produced where?
In the golgi
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What attached proteoglycans to HA?
linker proteins
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What are the major types of GAGs?
- Hyaluronic acid (HA)
- shorter sulfated GAGs
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What is the purpose of multiadhesive proteins? give 2 examples
- Give binding sites for collagen on cell membranes thus allowing attachment between cell and ECM
- fibronectin
- laminin
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How is connective tissue proper classified in terms of density
Dense/loose
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What is another name for loose connective tissue?
Areolar
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Where do we most often see loose connective tissue?
- Small blood vessels and adjacent to epithelia
- Significantly more ground substance
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What composes dense irregular connective tissue?
- Bundles of type 1 collagen
- elastic fibers
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Where do you find dense regular connective tissue?
Tendons and ligaments
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Where are you most likely to find mucoid tissue? What is this?
- Around small blood vessels or the umbilical chord
- embryuonic form of connective tissue, gel like, few cells, resembles mesenchyme
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