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Organization
A group of two or more people working together to achieve a common set of goals
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Organization Chart
A diagram that represents the positions and relationships within an organization
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Chain of Command
The line of authority that extends from the highest to the lowest levels of an organization
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Job Specialization
The separation of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the assignment of different tasks to different people
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Job Rotation
The systematic shifting of employees from one job to another
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Departmentalization
The process of grouping jobs into manageable units
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Departmentalization by Function
Grouping jobs that relate to the same organizational activity
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Departmentalization by Product
Grouping activities related to a particular product or service
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Departmentalization by Location
Grouping activities according to the defined geographic area in which they are performed
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Departmentalization by Customer
Grouping activities according to the needs of various customer populations
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Delegation
Assigning part of a manager's work and power to other workers
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Responsibility
The duty to do a job or perform a task
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Authority
The power, within an organization, to accomplish an assigned job or task
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Accountability
The obligation of a worker to accomplish an assigned job or task
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Decentralized Organization
An organization in which management consciously attempts to spread authority widely in the lower levels of the organization
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Centralizated Organization
An Organization that systematically works to concentrate authority at the upper levels of the organization
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Span of Management or (Span of Control)
The number of workers who report directly to one manager
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Organizational Height
The number of layers, or levels, of management in a firm
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Line Structure
An organizational structure in which the chain of command goes directly from person to person throughout the organization
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Line Manager
a position in which a person makes decision and gives orders to subordinates to achieve he organization's goals
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Line-and-Staff Structure
An organizational structure that utilizes the chain of command from a line structure in combination with assistance of staff managers
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Staff Manager
A position created to provide support, advice, and expertise within an organization
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Matrix Structure
An organizational structure that combines vertical and horizontal lines of authority, usually by superimposing, product departmentalization on a functionally departmentalized organization
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Cross Functional Team
A team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task
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Network Structure
An organizational structure in which administration is the primary function, and most other functions are concentrated out to other firms
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Corporate Culture
The inner rites, rituals, heroes, and values of a firm
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Ad Hoc Committee
A Committee created for a specific short-term purpose
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Standing Committee
A relatively permanent committee charged with performing some recurring task
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Task Force
A committee established to investigate a major problem or pending decision
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Informal Organization
The pattern of behavior and interaction that stems from personal rather than official relationships
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Informal Group
A Group created by the members themselves to accomplish goals that may or may not be relevant to an organization
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Grapevine
The informal communications network within an organization
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