Biomechanical Model Landing

Action - Reaction Principle

"the sum of joint forces that the body must absorb when slowing down is equal in magnitude and oppositely directed to the external forces applied to slow the body down"

External Forces Principle

"whenever the body is in contact with the ground, there are two ground reaction forces (one vertical and one horizontal) that slow the body down"

Friction Force Principle

"A decrease in friction force is caused by..."

a decrease in the coefficient of friction (μ)

and/or

a decrease in the vertical ground reaction force

EQUATON: ()

Linear Impulse - Momentum Principle

"a decrease in the vertical ground reaction force is caused by..."

a decrease in the mass (m) of the body

and/or

a decrease in the linear speed (s) of landing

and/or

an increase in the application time (t) of vertical ground reaction force

EQUATION: ()

A slower linear speed when the body collides with the ground will reduce the vertical ground reaction force and the friction force. This reduces the external forces that slow the body down and reduces the sum of joint forces that the body must absorb.

A longer application time of each external force that slows the body down will reduce the vertical ground reaction force and the friction force. This reduces the external forces that slow the body down and reduces the sum of joint forces.

A smaller body mass when the body collides with the ground will reduce the vertical ground reaction force and the friction force. This reduces the external forces that slow the body down and reduces the sum of joint forces that the body must absorb.

A smaller coefficient of friction when the body collides with the ground will reduce the friction force. This reduces an external force that slows the body down and reduces the sum of joint forces that the body must absorb.