Psych 111 Chapter Three

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

What part of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord?
Functions include receiving, processing, and storing information, sending out messages to muscles, glands, and internal organs

What part of the nervous system handles the input and output of the CNS?
It connects the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body (organs and muscles)

What is the term for individual cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information?

What kind of neuron carries information to the brain from the skin, muscles, or organs?

What kind of neuron carries the brain's output to muscles, glands, and organs?

What kind of neurons connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other (....)?

What kind of neurons are activated by performing an action or by seeing another perform the same action?

What is the term for what holds the neurons in place, nourishes and insulates the neurons? They are non-neuron cells that provide a supportive function.

What is the term for what receives messages from other neurons and transmits these messages to the cell body?

What part of the neuron keeps the neuron alive, contains substances for growth, and determines whether to fire?

What part of the neuron transmits messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles. or glands?

What is the fatty material that insulates the axon and helps the nerve impulse travel faster?

What is the term for the gaps between the neurons - often between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another?

What is the term for a neuron at its stable negative charge when it is inactive?

What is the term for when a nerve is stimulated, an electrical impulse occurs and move down the axon to the end of the axon's terminal tip?

What release neurotransmitters which then bind with a particular dendrite receptor site?

What is the term for the minimum amount of time during which another action potential cannot begin?

What is the term for chemical substances which carry information across the synaptic gap to the next neuron?

What kind of PSP increases the likelihood of an action potential?

What kind of PSP decreases the likelihood of an action potential?

What neurotransmitter is involved in sleep and wakefulness, mood, depression, eating, and aggression?

What neurotransmitter regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal?

What neurotransmitter is responsible for muscle action and control, memory, and attention?

What neurotransmitter is involved in mood, arousal, alertness and wakefulness, excite heart muscles, intestines, and urogenital tract?

What neurotransmitter is an excitatory transmitter which is widely distributed and implicated in memory formation, information transmission in the brain?

What neurotransmitter is inhibitory and low levels are linked with anxiety?

What are the brain's natural opiates that produce effects of reducing pain and promoting pleasure? They act within the pain pathways and emotion centers of the brain.

What are the two primary systems of the peripheral nervous system?

What part of the PNS includes sensory nerves that relay information from the skin and muscles to the CNS about pain, temperature, and informing muscles when to act? We have conscious control over this system.

What part of the PNS includes the fight or flight response, works automatically/involuntary, and takes messages to and from the body's internal organs monitoring breathing, heart rate, and digestion?

What are the two part of the autonomic nervous system?

What part of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the body for action, stops digestion, increases oxygen to the blood for muscle responses, increases heart rate, dilates pupils, dry mouth, and goosebumps?

What part of the autonomic nervous system slows actions down and conserves bodily resources?

What way to learn about the brain involves damaging or removing a section of the brain and observing the effects?

What way of learning about the brain involves detecting electrical activity of neurons and looks at brain waves across events?

What way of learning about the brain involves taking multiple x-rays of successive slices of the brain? It looks at brain structure but not function.

What way of learning about the brain records biochemical changes in the brain as they occur by detecting radioactive material which has been injected or inhaled? It looks at brain function.

What way of learning about the brain uses magnetic fields and radio frequencies which produce vibrations that are picked up by receivers? It provides a structural view of the brain.

What way of learning about the brain assesses changes in blood oxygen flow to areas of the brain? It allows you to look at both structure and function of the brain.

What way of learning about the brain involves electrically stimulation deep in the brain which promotes particular sensations and emotions?

What are the three parts of the brain?

What are the three parts of the hindbrain?

What part of the brain regulates automatic functioning, circulation, breathing, muscle tone, and reflexes? You can't survive if this part of the brain is destroyed.

What part of the brain regulates sleeping, waking, and dreaming?

What part of the brain controls balance and coordination of movement, analyzes sensory information, and may play a role in remembering simple skills and problem solving?

What are the three parts of the midbrain?

What part of the brain modulates muscles reflexes, pain perception, and is active in states of arousal and consciousness? Damage to this area may result in comas.

What part of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses that help orient an organism in the environment?

What part of the brain controls some motor functions and regulates awareness and attention and some autonomic functions?

What part of the brain relays motor impulses out of the brain and directs incoming sensory messages to higher centers?

What part of the brain controls hunger, thirst, emotion, sex and reproduction, body temperature, and the autonomic nervous system? (The 4 F's: 1. feeding 2. fighting 3. fleeing 4. mating)

What part of the brain is a master gland governed by the hypothalamus that is involved in temperature regulation, thyroid activity, growth, testosterone, and estrogen production?

What part of the brain is loosely interconnected structures involved in emotions? It doesn't have clear boundaries.

What part of the brain evaluates sensory information, is linked to fear responses, and emotional events?

What part of the brain is involved in formation and storage of new memories?

What part of the brain is subcortical structures that direct intentional movement?

What structure of the basil ganglia is involved in the control of posture and movement?

What is the largest and most complex part of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres?

What is the band of fibers that connects the cerebrum called?

What hemisphere is responsible for visual and spatial ability, map reading, art and music appreciation, facial recognition, and analysis of nonverbal sounds?

What hemisphere is responsible for production and comprehension of speech, and reading and mathematical ability?

What lobe contains the visual cortex and processes visual stimuli?

What lobe is the somatosensory cortex and receives information about pressure, pain, touch, and temperature?

What lobe is involved in memory, perception, emotion, and contains the auditory cortex?

What area of the brain is involved in language comprehension?

What lobe contains the motor cortex and is responsible for making plans, initiative, creativity, abstract thinking, memory, and judgment?

What area of the brain is involved in speech production?

What is a treatment for severe seizure disorders in which the corpus callosum is severed?

What is the ability of the nervous system to alter its structure and connections called?

What is the influence of genetic traits on behavior called?

What is the term for the hereditary material in the nuclei of all cells?

What is the term for the genetic make-up or structure of the organism?

What is the term for the observable or expressed characteristics of an organism?

What is the term for when many traits are determined by a combination of gene pairs?

What is it called when environmental factors interact with genetic factors to produce traits (e.g. height, intelligence)?