Physics Chapters 1-2

anything that occupies space and has mass

Newton (N) =

measured in kg

when asking for the weight of something answer should always be...

gravity

energy is always measured in

Joules (J) =

1 inch

the ability to do work by virtue of position

the energy of motion

energy released by a chemical reaction

the work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference

the energy of motion at the atomic and molecular level

the energy contained in the nucleus of the atom

the type of energy in x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, uv light, infrared, and visible light

energy emitted and transformed through space

any type of radiation capable of removing an orbital electron from that atom that it interacts with

the ejected electron and the resulting positively charged atom

when a patient is exposed to x-rays

natural environmental radiation makes up about...

man-made radiation makes up about...

a radioactive gas that is produced when uranium decays and it is present on the earth; emits alpha particles that can be ingested into the lungs

who discovered x-rays and when?

first x-ray tube

describe each: Radiography, Fluoroscopy, CT

x-ray voltages are measured in...

1kV

x-ray currents are measured in...

helped reduce the exposure time when used in conjunction with glass plates

developed the fluoroscope

sheet of lead with a hole in the center that restricts the beam (cone)

insert something into the bean to improve the diagnostic quality of the film

ALARA

3 Cardinal Principles of radiation protection

speed of light

a body will remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force. Law of Inertia.

the force acting on an object with acceleration is equal to the mass times the acceleration. F=ma

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

KE =

PE =

the kenetic energy of the random motion of molecules

cooling of an x-ray tube

transfer of heat by touching high temp to low temp and it equals out

transfer of hot liquid from one place to another

exposure (intensity)

absorbed dose

effective dose (occupational dose)

radioactivity (source)

another name for velocity

inertia is...

developed the periodic table of elements

protons and neutrons together

to calculate the maximum number of electrons in a shell

these elements add electrons to the inner shells and still leave eight electrons in the outer most shell

the force that keeps the electrons orbiting around the nucleus

helps the electrons maintain their distance from the nucleus ans traveling in a circular path (so they don't fall into the nucleus)

the strength of the attachment of the electron to the nucleus

ionizing potential

atomic number =

atomic mass =

same number of protons, but varying number of neutrons

different number of protons and different number of neutrons, but the same total number of nucleons

different number of protons and the same number of neutrons

same atomic number and the same atomic mass number

any quantity of one type of molecule

sharing of electrons

giving up of an electron by the atom; making it ionized

the emission of particles and energy to become stable

produced in particle accelerators or nuclear reactors

an electron is ejected from the nucleus and at the same time a neutron converts to a proton. the result is to increase the atomic number by 1

the alpha particle is emitted. the resulting atom is chemically different and lighter

the amount of time required for the quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original activity

emitted from the nucleus (origin)

produced outside of the nucleus (origin)

very short range, deposited in superficial layers of skin

longer range, 1-2cm of tissue