Med Terms Chapter 8

attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

central nervous system

cerebrospinal fluid

cerebrovascular accident

electroencephalogram

generalized anxiety disorder

lumbar puncture

multiple sclerosis

obsessive-compulsive disorder

posttraumatic stress disorder

transient ischemic attack

emotional feeling or mood

disease of structural changes in the brain resulting in an irreversible deterioration that progresses from forgetfulness and disorientation to loss of all intellectual functions, total disability, and death

a drug that relieves pain

a severe disturbance in eating behavior caused by abnormal perceptions about one's body weight, as evidenced by an overwhelming fear of becoming fat that results in a refusal to eat and body weight well below normal

agent that prevents or lessens convulsion

drugs used to reduce anxiety

lack of interest or display of emotion

• impairment bc of localized brain injury that affects the understanding, retrieving, and formulating of meaningful and sequential elements of language, as demonstrated by an inability to use or comprehend words
• occurs as a result of a stroke, head trauma, or disease

a dysfunction characterized by consistent hyperactivity, distractibilty, and lack of control over impulses, which interferes with ability to function normally at school, home, or work

• a developmental disability, commonly appearing during the first three years of life, resulting from a neurologic disorder affecting brain function, as evidenced by difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication and an inability to relate to anything beyond oneself in social interactions
• persons with autism often exhibit body movements such as rocking repetitive hand movements
• persons commonly become preoccupied with observing

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to SM, cardiac muscle, and various glands

• an affective disorder characterized by mood swings of mania and depression
• extreme up and down states

an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by efforts to limit digestion though induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or excessive exercise

a state of unresponsiveness to one's outside environment, usually including muscle rigidity, staring, and inability to communicate

brain and spinal cord

• condition of motor dysfunction caused by damage to the cerebrum during development or injury at birth
• characterized by partial paralysis and lack of muscle

plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels of the brain

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

• to pull together
• type of seizure that causes a series of sudden involuntary contractions of muscle

excision of part of the skull to approach the brain

incision into skull to approach the brain

• a state of mental confusion caused by disturbances in cerebral function
• the many causes include fever, shock, and drug overdose 
• deliro= to draw the furrow awry when plowing, to go off the rails

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

• an impairment of intellectual function characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and confusion
• dementio= to be mad

a developmental disability characterized by difficulty understanding written or spoken words, sentences, or paragraphs that affects reading, spelling, and self-expression

difficulty in swallowing

a restless, dissatisfied mood

a milder affective disorder characterized by chronic depression

• record of the minute electrical impulses of the brain
• used to identify neurologic conditions that affect brain function and level of consciousness

inflammation of the brain

• disorder affecting the CNS 
• characterized by recurrent seizures

an exaggerated, unfounded felling of well-being

• the most common anxiety disorder 
• characterized by chronic, excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday problems
• affects the ability to relax or concentrate, but does not usually interfere with social interactions or employment
• physical symptoms include muscle tension, trembling, twitching, fatigue, headaches, nausea, and insomnia

a person's false belief that he or she possesses great wealth, intelligence, or power

a persistent belief that has no basis in reality

• a false perception of the senses for which there is no reality
• most commonly hearing or seeing things 
• alucinor= to wander in mind

partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body

paralysis on one side of the body

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain as a result of developmental anomalies, infection, injury, or tumor

increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch or pain

agent that induces sleep

a preoccupation with thoughts of disease and concern that one is suffering from a serious condition that persists despite medical reassurance to the contrary

the formation of thoughts or ideas, such as suicidal ideation

• introduction of a specialized needle into the spine in the lumbar region for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, such as to obtain CSF for testing
• also called spinal tap

state of abnormal elation and increased activity

the three membranes covering the brain

inflammation of the meninges

disease of the CNS characterized by the demylination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)

• autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, causing a progressive decrease in muscle strength
• activity resumes and strength returns after a period of rest

inflammation of the spinal cord

sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis (cataplexy), and dreams intruding while awake (hypnagogic hallucinations

congenital deformities of the brain and spinal cord caused by incomplete development of the neural tube, the embryonic structure that forms the nervous system

pain along the course of a nerve

drugs used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia

a psychologic condition in which anxiety is prominent

• an anxiety disorder featuring unwanted, senseless obsessions accompanied by repeated compulsions 
• can interfere with all aspects of a person's daily life
• ex: the thought that a door is not locked causing repetitive checking to make sure it is locked or thoughts that one's body has been contaminated causing repetitive washing

paralysis from the wait down

• division of the autonomic nervous system that is most active in ordinary conditions 
• it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective causes

• condition of slowly progressive degeneration in an area of the brainstem (substantia nigra) resulting in a decrease of dopamine (a chemical NT necessary for proper movement)
• characterized by tremor, rigidity of muscles, and slow movements (bradykinesia) 
• usually occurs later in life

seizure involving only limited areas of the brain with localized symptoms

nerves that branch from the CNS including nerves of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)

• inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus, often resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis  
• polio = gray

inflammation involving 2 or more nerves, often caused by a nutritional deficiency, such as a lack of thiamine

• a condition resulting from an extremely traumatic experience, injury, or illness that leaves the sufferer with persistent thoughts and memories of the ordeal
• may occur after a war, violent personal assault, physical, or sexual abuse, serious accident , or natural disaster
• symptoms: feelings of fear, detachment, exaggerated startle response, restlessness, nightmares, and avoidance of anything or anyone who triggers the painful recollections

a mental condition characterized by distortion of reality resulting in the inability to communicate or function within one's enviornment

treatment of psychiatric disorders using verbal and nonverbal interaction with pts, individually or in a group, employing specific actions and techniques

medications used to treat mental illness

paralysis of all four limbs

• a disease of the brain chemistry causing a distorted cognitive and emotional perceptions of one's environment
• symptoms include: distortions of normal function (such as disorganized thought, delusions, hallucinations, and catatonic behavior ) flat affect, apathy, and withdrawal from reality

• sudden, transient disturbances in brain function resulting from an abnormal firing of nerve impulses
• may or may not be associated with convulsion

periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring

• defect in development of the spinal column characterized by the absence of vertebral arches, often resulting in pouching off the meninges ( meningocele) or of the meninges  and spinal cord (meningomyelocele) 
• considered to be the most common neural tube defect
• spina= spine
• bifida = split into 2 parts

damage to the brain caused cerebrovascular disease, such as occlusion of a blood vessel by a  thrombus or embolus (ischemic stroke) or intracranial hemorrhage after rupture of an aneurysm (hemorrhagic stroke)

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned primarily with preparing the body instressful  or emergency situations

fainting

evoking a response by touching

• stiffening-jerking
• a major motor seizure involving all muscle groups
• grand mal (big bad) seizure

• brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain, usually caused by a partial occlusion that results in temporary neurologic deficit (impairment)
• often precedes a CVA

• cerebrum
• largest part of the brain

• cerebellum
• little brain

skull

entire brain

sensation

ganglion (knot)

glue

knowing

movement

word or pharse

meninges (membrane)

spinal cord or bone marrow

stupor or sleep

nerve

speech

exaggerated fear or sensitivity

carry or bear

mind

split

body

sleep

• spine
• thorne

vertebra

3-D or solid

order or coordination

thalamus (a room)

tone or tension

place

ventricle (belly or pouch)

weakness

seizure

condition or abnormal impulse toward

slight paralysis

paraylsis