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Prison Mission
- protect inmates, protect public from criminality
- prepare inmates for release into the community
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Reasons for the Increase Number of Prisoners
- "tough on crime" - determinate sentences, new penology
- explosion in drug crimes - proliferations of guns
- since the 1980s, prison population has risen 500%
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Three Penitentiary Act (1891)
creation of 3 federal prisons (Kansas, Washington, and Georgia)
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Federal Bureau of Prison (1930)
- Sanford Bates appointed director
- only 8 directors since 1930
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Sentencing Reform Act (1984)
- abolished parole
- determinate sentencing
- abolished good time
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Five Security Levels
- Minimum - dormitory housing, limited fencing
- Low - mostly dormitory housing, work programs
- Medium - electronic fencing, housed in cells
- High - high security, close control of inmate movement
- Administrative - "supermax" (Florence, CO)
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State Prison System
- Govenor --> corrections directors
- Governor --> board of corrections --> corrections director
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Inmates Are Classified According to:
- criminal history
- family/social history
- education/vocational history
- employment history
- mental health status
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ICE
- Immigration Customs Enforcement
- housing illegal immigrants
- deporting illegal immigrants that are wanted in their home country
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Common-Wealth Prisons
prison on US territories (Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico…)
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Development of Private Corrections Facilities
- secure facility
- operated for profit
- state and federal
- (Corrections Corporation of America, GEO Group, INC, Management Training Corporation)
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