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stratification
arranging people systematically in social classes
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socioeconomic status
social class
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social mobility
ability to move within social classes (left right, up and down)
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absolute poverty
inability to provide basic needs (not in america)
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relative poverty
less compared to the norm in society
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wealth
things you own minus debt
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income
what's coming in (salary)
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structural mobility
lose home and homeless because of the economy
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individual mobility
I quit my job and spent my money and now I'm homeless
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Demographics of wealth and poverty
trend minorities (blacks and hispanics) tend to be in poverty and women
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minimum wage over time
buy less with conversion rates
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executive salaries
- 1980's 49x average workers pay
- 2011 459x average worker pay
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feminization of pooverty
- intersectionality with different status in society
- 2/3 american poor are women
- direct relationship between childhood poverty
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Gini Coefficient and US inequality compared to other countrys
self explanatory... we're not that equal, other under developed countries more equal than US
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Economic recovery
- corporate profits highest since 50s
- share of pay going to employees lowest since 60s
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Power Elite
- same people who exercise power in business also exercise power in the military and politics
- small group of people with influence in society, disproportionate to society
- people spend millions on campaigns and some don't even win
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government interventions in wealth and poverty
- tax for top .1% went from 51 to 26%
- middle class went up from 14 to 16%
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TANF
- Temporary assistance for needy families
- tax credits to employers
- enrollment limits
- marriage incentives
- work requirements
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Medicaid
- Medicdal care to:
- low income US citizen
- welfare
- social security
- severe disability
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Women Infant Children
- At poverty line or just over it
- serve 53% of infants in the US
- No food stamps
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Welfare
- 5 year limit
- childcare cost not covered
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Criticisms of the poverty line
Do we determine a family’s income by using pre- or post-tax earnings? Do we include food stamps and other transfers? What about the cost of other necessities like shelter, utilities, and transportation? Why have a single poverty line for the entire country when the cost of living varies widely across the nation?
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Health problems and poverty
people in poverty don't have access to fresh healthy foods (food deserts)
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educational problems and poverty
cultural poverty - social assets such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and competencies and language and culture that at learned at home and required for success and social advancement
social capital
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social capital
the networks of relationships among people who live and work in a particular society, enabling that society to function effectively
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Functionalist approach
- inequality is functional (innovation and competition, someone has to do low wage jobs)
- address it by strengthening economic and families
deemphasize that it's a problem and under the assumption that society is stable.
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Conflict Theory
- Focus on inequality and it's intersection with race and gender
- address it by dealing with rising wealth and corporate profit on top and provide more social services and education at the bottom
say functionalist blame victim, investigate and intervene in eduation
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Symbiotic Interactionsist
shared understandings and meanings of interactions
- labeling theory: how people are viewed and view themselves has strong impact on behavior especially if they believe it
- address poverty by changing the convo
ie poor aren't the problem and poor isn't such a bad thing
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