Neurology

Stress and panic

Reward center, pleasure, addiction, fear

Ventral tegmentum and SNc

Basal nucleus of Meynert

area postrema

supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus

paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus

lateral area of hypothalamus

ventralmedial area

anterior hypothalamus

posterior hypothalamus

septal nucleus

Lateral geniculate nucleus

medial geniculate nucleus

ventral posterior nucleus - lateral (VPL)

ventral posterior nucleus - medial (VPM)

ventral anterior/lateral (VA/VL)

Five F's of the limbic system

Important for voluntary movements and making postural adjustments

resting Tremor, cogwheel Rigidity, Akinesia, and Postural instability

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus lesion - lost of inhibition of the thalamus throug globus pallidus

Caudate losses ACh and GABA (CAG)

treatment for essential/postural tremor

Intention Tremor

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior)

Spatial neglect syndrome (angosia of the contralateral side of the world)

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

truncal ataxia, dysarthria

contralateral hemiballismus

anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories

eyes look away from side of lesion

Eyes look toward lession

cricothyroid muscle is supplied by the:

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms is associated with

Wet, wobbly, and wacky (urinary incontinence, dementia, ataxia)

destruction of anterior horns leading to flaccid paralysis

degeneration of dorsal roots and dorsal columns

damages to the antieor white commissure

Dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tracts

"floppy baby" with tongue fasciculations - infantile spinal muscular atrophy

Defect in superoxide dismutase 1 can cause:

melatonin secretion, circadian rhythms

conjugate vertical gaze center

auditory

paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi

Send autonomic (paraysympathethic) fibers to heart, lungs, and upper GI

Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus

CN I exits

CN II exits

CN III, IV, V1, VI exits

CN V2 exits

CN V3 exits

Middle meningeal artery exits

CN VII, and VIII exits

CN IX, X, XI and jungular vein exits

CN XII exits

Spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries

Kuh-Kuh-Kuh

la-la-la

Mi-mi-mi

Muscles of mastication are innervated by:

lateral pterygoid

palatoglossus muscle is innervated by:

All other glossus muscles are innervated by:

tensor veli palatini is innervated by:

All muscles with palat in their names are innervated by:

ciliary muscle contracts

Classic galactosemia, galactokinase deficiency, and diabetes all can develop:

decrease bilateral pupillary constriction when light is shone in affected eye (no consensual constriction)

What is affected first during compression of the oculomotor nerve?

lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus is often seen with?

ApoE2 is protective in what condition?

Dementia, aphasia, parkisonian aspects and a change in personality with intracellular aggregated tau proteins

alpha-synuclein defect can be found in what condition with hallucinations and parkinsonism?

Beta-interferon or immunosuppression therapy can be used in what condition?

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Arylsulfatase A deficiency is linked to

butterfly glioma positive for GFAP in adults

Psammoma bodies in the brain

S-100 posiive

chicken-wire capillary pattern in the frontal lobes

GFAP positive in kids with Rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic corskscrew fibers)

Small blue cells with rosettes or perivascular pseduorosette pattern of cells

rod-shaped blepharoplasts

Can produce EPO causing secondary polycythemia

darkening brown color of iris is a side effect of:

A weak opioid agonist that decreases seizure threshold

induction of anesthesia and short surgical procedures

endoscopy - anesthetic:

anesthetic that causes disorientation, hallucination, and bad dreams

Which local anesthetic causes severe cardiovascular toxicity

Which local anesthetic can cause arrhythmias

Complication of succinylcholine are:

use of inhalation anesthetics and succinylcholine can cause:

malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be treated with

what drug used to treat Parkinson's should be avoided in patients with BPH and angle-closure glaucoma?

Which MAO-B inhibitor selectively metabolizes DA over NE and 5-HT?

Which NMDA receptor antagonist is used to treat alzhemier's?

Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine are all?

Reserpine and tetrabenazine can be used to treat?

haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist can be used to treat?

What drug is countraindicated for patients with CAD or Prinzmetal's angina due to its toxic effect of causing coronary vasospasms

What can precipitate psychosis?

Chronic factitious disorder

criminality is associated with

sel-mutilation and sense of emptiness is associated with

A sensitive indicator of alcohol use is:

Treat Tourette's syndrome with:

Side Effects of Lithium - LMNOP

This can be used for generalized anxiety disorders:

TCA toxicity causes: Tri-C's

cyproheptadine can be used to treat:

duloxetine can be used to treat

venlafaxine can be used to treat:

venlafaxine and duloxetine are both:

This atypical antidepressant can also be used for smoking cessation and causes no sexual side effects:

alpha2 antagonist and potent 5HT2 and 5HT3 receptor antagonist:

Only blockes NE reuptake

Phenelzine is what kind of drug?