bio 135 practical

extending from the skull to the pelvis, forms the bodys major axial support, surrounds and protects the delicate spinal cord while allowing spinal nerves to emerge from the cord

how many vertebrae are in the vertebral column

what are the two fused/composite bones

what is the fibrocartilage pads that separate the vertebrae

rounded central portion of the vertebra, which faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column

composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

opening enclosed by the body and vertebral arch, a passageway for the spinal cord

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

single medial and posterior projection from the vertebral arch

paired projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enable articulation with adjacent vertebrae

the right and left pedicles have notches on their inferior and superior surface that create openings, the intervertebral foramina, for spinal nerves to leave the spinal cord between adjacent vertebra

which vertebrae lacks the body and its lateral process contains large concave depressions on their superior surfaces that receieve the occipital condyle, say yes

which vertebrae acts as a pivot for the rotation of the atlas about, it bears a large vertical process called dens or odontoid process that serves as pivot point say no

the body is some what heart shaped with two small articulating surfaces close to the origin of the vertebral arch

is a composite bone formed from the fusion of five vertebrae

is a remnant of the spinous process of the fused verterbrae

winglike process, formed by fusion of the transverse processes, articulate laterally with the hip bones

four ridges cross the anterior part of the sacrum

the vertebral canal continues inside the sacrum

terminates near the coccyx via an enlarged opening

top of the sacrum important anatomical landmark for obsterticians

is formed from the fusion of three or five small irregularly shaped vertebrae, tailbone

which body is small, wide side to side

which body is heart shaped and bears costal facets

which body is massive, kidney shaped

which spinous process is short, bifid, projects directly posteriorly

which spinous process in long, sharp, projections inferiorly

which spinous process is short blunt, projects directly posteriorly

which verterbral foramen are triangular

which vertebral foramen is circular

which transverse processes contain foramina

which transverse processes bears facets for ribs

which transverse processes are thin and tampered

superior and inferior articulating processes: superior facets directed superoposteriorly; inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly

superior and inferior articulating processes: superior facets directed posteriorly; inferior facets directed anteriorly

superior and inferior articulating processes: superior facets directed postmedially; inferior facets directed anterolaterally

what movement includes flexion and extention; lateral flexion, rotation, the spine region with the greatest range of movement

what movement includes rotation; lateral flextion possible but limited by ribs and extension prevented

what movement includes flexion and extension; some lateral flexion, rotation prevented

consists of bony thorax, which is composed of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae also costal cartilage

typically a flat bone, is a resuly of the fusion of 3 bones, manubrium, body and xiphoid process

concave upper border of the manubrium can be palpated easily; generally it is at the level of the third thoracic vertebrae

is a result of the manubrium and body meeting at a slight angle to each other, so that the transverse ridge is formed at the level of the second ribs

the point where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse, lies at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebrae

how many pairs of ribs make up the thoracic cage

first seven pair of ribs are called

the last five pair of ribs are called

the last two pair of ribs are called