Motivation - Chapter 1

an internal process that energizes and directs behaviour

conditions within the individual that are essential and necessary for the maintenance of life and for growth and well-being

mental events, such as beliefs, expectations, and self-concept that represent ways of thinking.

• short-lived subjective-physiological-functional-expressive phenomena that organize feelings, physiology, purpose, and expression into a coherent response to an environmental conditions, such as a threat
• allow us to anticipate and to react adaptively to the important events in our lives

subjective, verbal descriptions of emotional experience

how our body physically mobilizes itself to meet situational demands

what specifically we want to accomplish at that moment

how we communicate our emotional experience publicly to others

environmental incentives that energize and direct behaviour towards those events that signal positive consequences and away from those that signal aversive consequences.

• observe the behavioural manifestations
• pay attentions to the antecedents known to bring about motivational states

• attention
• effort
• latency
• persistence
• choice
• probability of response
• facial expressions
• bodily gestures

behavioural intensity, emotional quality, and personal investment in another person's involvement during an activity

the extent to which the person displays on-task attention, effort, and enduring persistence

the extent to which the person's activity is characterized by positive emotion, such as interest and enjoyment

the extent to which the person actively monitors how well things are going and uses sophisticated learning and problem-solving strategies

the extent to which the person expresses the needs, preferences, and desires of the self and seeks to change one's environmental circumstances for the better.