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what does CCV stand for
canine coronavirus
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CCV is considered a
RNA virus
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ccv is a mutation of
feline coronavirus or TGE
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what does TGE stand for
transmissible gastroenteritis
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what are the clinical signs for ccv
- leukopenia - not as low as parvo (7000)
- dehydration 1st sign
- bloody diarrhea but there are clots of blood in it
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what is to formula to rehydrate an animal
# x % dehydrated x 500 = ml
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what are the percents of dehydration and the symptoms associated with them
- 4% loss of skin turgidity
- 7% loss of turgidity and sunken eyes
- 10% lateral recombency
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what virus family and order of ccv
- Coronaviridae
- Nidovirales
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when was ccv first isolated
1971 4 years after cpv-1
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how is ccv transmitted
through fecal contamination of the environment
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why are antibiotics not neccessary for ccv like it is with parvo
because the leukopenia isn't as severe as with parvo
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what is the main treatment for ccv
fluid therapy
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what are 6 things can be told to clients about ccv
- vaccinate on schedule
- puppies can survive with correct/timely treatments
- treatments are expensive
- older dogs can become infected if not vaccinated
- ccv can survive long term in the environment
- keep dog parasite free
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what is the maintenance formula for a small and large dog
- small = 2 ml /#/ hr
- large = 1 ml /#/ hr
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what are 3 enteric viruses associated with dogs
- canine parvovirus
- canine carona virus
- canine rotavirus
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how is canine rotavirus diagnosed
with an ELISA test
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canine rotavirus is a [blank] virus
RNA virus
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what is the nick name for canine rotavirus
duo virus
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what does CVD stand for
canine distemper virus
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what is highest age range for dogs to contract cdv
6 weeks to 6 months
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what is th genus and family for cdv
- Morbillivirus
- Paramyxoviridae
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how is cdv mainly transferred
through aerosolization (nasal) of body secretions
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cdv effects members of these four families
- canidae - dog, fox, wolf and cyote
- Mustelidae - weasel, mink, skunk, badger, ferret
- Proconidae - kinkajou, coatimundi, red panda, raccoon
- Felidae - cat, lion, leopard, tiger
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besides cdv what other two viruses are responsible for high mortality rates in dogs
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who first isolated cdv in 1905 and again in 1920
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what can cdv provide that parvo does not
can provide life long immunity to distemper because there is only one strain of the virus
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why were measles vaccines one used in puppies
because it lowered maternal immunity so it wouldn't block vaccines and the vaccine would increase immunity for distemper
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what animal is suscepible to both cdv and feline panleukopenia/canine parvo
racoons
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what are some clinical signs for distemper
- diphasic curve
- pyrexia
- cough
- mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge
- pneumonia
- anorexia
- vomitin and diarrhea
- dehydration
- impetigo (skin infection)
- heyperkeratosis of foot pads
- ataxia
- enamel hypoplasia
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what is the treatment for CDV
- antibiotics
- fluids
- nutrition/vitamin support
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what are 3 common terms associated with distemper
- chorea - convulsions and chewing gum fits
- tic - neurological remains
- hard pads - hyperkeratosis
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what are 4 things you should tell a client about distemper
- vaccination is the only prevention
- the prognosis is guarded especially if neurological signs are present
- CDV is the most common cause f seizures in dogs less then 6 months of age
- although rare neurological signs may appear weeks to years after actual infection
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what does ODE stand for
old dog encephalitis
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what is ode also known as
chronic distemper encephalitis
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what are symptoms for ODE
- ataxia
- compulsive movements (head pressing) or continual pacing
- in-coordinated hypermetria (exaggerated body movements)
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what is the definition for complete and balanced in terms of nutrition
- complete - supports life and reproduction
- balanced - gives all nutrients in a balanced proportion as well as supports life and allows reproduction
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what are the three basic forms of pet food and the percent of water in them
- dry - 3% - 11%
- semi-moist - 25-34%
- moist food - 70-83%
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what are 4 advantages of dry food
- cost effective
- convenient
- easy to use
- can be left out all day
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animals will need more food (calories) during
- growth
- gestation
- hard work
- lactation
- activity
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what is the compound responsible for struvite crystals
magnesium ammonium phosphate, triple phosphate
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what 3 things factor calories/food consumption
- age
- activity level
- temperature (increase 7.5%/decrease 7.5%)
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how many grams are in an ounce
2.3 grams
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how many ounces are in a pound
16 oz
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how much should a puppy gain weight weekly prior to weening
it should gain it birth weight each week
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what are 3 energy producing nutrients
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- fats
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what are 3 non-energy producing nutrients
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what are 3 reasons colostrum is important
- fluid for vital postpartum circulatory expansion
- carries protective maternal antibodies must be consumed in 24-48 hrs to be absorbed via the digestive tract
- contains energy and non-energy producing nutrients
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what is the formula for feeding orphaned neonates
1 ounce per gram of body weight per 24 hrs divided in four doses
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why should replacement formula be used to feed orphaned neonates instead of cows milk
because its higher in protein and lower in lactose
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when does peak lactation occur at
4 weeks
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when will weaning approximately happen
5-6 weeks
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when should semisolid gruel be introduced and what are two exceptions for this
- three weeks
- toy breeds and weak animals
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what is Dr. Youngers puppy gruel recipe
- 1 cup of dry puppy food
- 1 cup of canned food (not a lot of grease)
- 1 tsp of pancake/waffle syrup
- 1 cup of oat meal
- mix together in a blender
- serve warm to prevent colic
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what is the weaning formula should span 5 days
- 1st day - don't feed the bitch (ha!) provide lots of water
- 2nd day - feed 1/4 normal maintenance amount
- 3rd day - feed 1/2 normal maintenance amount
- 4th day - feed 3/4 normal maintenance amount
- 5th day - feed normal maintenance level
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how many ounces are in 1 cup
8 oz
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how many milliliters are in 1 ounce and how many table spoons is this
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how many milliliters are in 1 tbs (1/2 ounce)
15 ml
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how many milliliters are in a dessert spoon
8 ml
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how many milliliters are in 1 tsp
5 ml
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how many calories should a small dog (less than 20 #) be feed
30% more calories than a medium sized dog (39 cal/#)
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how many calories should a medium dog (20-75 #) be feed
30 cal per #
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how many calories should a large dog (75 # and up) be feed
15% fewer then a medium dog (25.5 cal/#)
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when should puppies and kittens develop a lap reflex
2-3 weeks (pigs 3 days)
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what is the calorie per pound for a cat
- 32 - 34 calories/#/ day
- 3 oz semi-moist, 6-8 oz canned
- average cat is usually 7-9 #
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what does RER stand for
resting energy requirement
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what is the term for delivering nutrition to a patient intravenously
parenteral nutrition (PN)
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what does PN stand for
parenteral nutrition
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what does a PN solution contain
electrolytes, animo acids, and lipids in a crystalloid suspension
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what is the maintenance dose for a PN solution
60 ml / kg / day
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how much of a pets diet should consist of table scraps
15%
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why shouldn't a pet consume bones
- can splinter and become wedge in the teeth
- can lacerate the esophagus
- cause GI constipation or obstruction
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