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For IR, what is located 4000-25000 cm-1
N-H,O-H, C-H
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How does Mass Spectra work?
gas pushed through waterfall of electrons, causing fragmentation
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NMR?
Looks at carbon-Carbon backbone
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What does MS measure?
- molecular weight
- charge to mass ratio measured
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What is the Base Peak in MS
- Tallest peak (100 %)
- most stable peak
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What is the parent peak/Molecular ion M+ ?
Peak representing unfragmented radical cation.
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On far right-ignoring blip
gives molecular weight
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Where is C=O on IR
1670-1780 cm-1
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alkyne IR
C-H alkyne bond
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C=C IR
RC=CH2
=C-H
- 1640-1680
- 910-990
- 3020-3100
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aromatic compunds
1400-2000
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name hydrocarbon aromatic molecules
- hydrocarbonbenzene
- ie bromobenzene C6H5Br
- C6H5 CH2CH2CH3=propylbenzene
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Name aromatic ring as substituent
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name aromatic ring+CH2 as substituent
benzyl
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Ortho/meta/pera
adjacent/seperated by 1 C/opposite(sep. by 2C)
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Benzene+Br--Fe/catalyst--->?
bromobenzene+HBr
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Heat of hydrogenation
- more energy=less stable
- H2 w/ C=C is 118kJ/mol
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how prove benzene more stable with hydrogenation
- benzene (206) vs 3 dbl bond (356)
- benzene has 150 more stability
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benzene structure
planar, 120, each C is sp2, conjugated
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Huckle's rule
- 4n+2 pi electrons means aromatic stability
- benzene:4+2=6 b/c 3 dbl bonds=6 pi
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anti aromatic
4n pi electrons
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pyridine?
N in place of one C of benzene
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naming alcohols
- number longest chain
- start where OH will be lowest number
- list substituents in alphabetical order
- replace "e" at end with ol
- ie2-Methyl-2-pentanol
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naming phenols
- OH attached to benzene ring
- name substituents on ring based upon position from OH
- use "phenol" instead of "benzene"
- benzyl alcohol=phenymethanol
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alcohol and phenol properties
- sp3 hybridized
- higher boiling point than similar alkanes/ alkyl halides
- weakly basic/acidic
- protonated by strong acid to yield oxonium ion
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