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Air & Breath support (Tone)
- - slow air speed=dull, thin unsupported tone
- - wide air exhalation=uncontrolled, squawky tone
- + Steady, focused air speed=centered and supported tone
- - shallow, tense inhalation=dull, thin, unsupported tone
- + relaxed, deep, natural inhalation=full, supported tone
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Embouchure (Tone)
- - weak and poorly developed embouchure=dull, fuzzy, unsupported tone
- - tight, biting or forced embouchure=sharp, small, restricted and stuffy tone
- + correctly formed embouchure=centered and supported tone
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Amount of Mouthpiece (Tone)
- - too much mouthpiece in mouth=wide, squawky and uncontrolled tone; usually plays consistently flat
- - too little mouthpiece in mouth=small, thin, restricted ton; usually plays consistently sharp
- + correct amount of mouthpiece=full and centered tone
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Air (Pitch)
- - slow, weak air speed=unsupported tone which can cause pitch to go sharp
- - fast, over-blown air speed=wide, uncontrolled tone which can cause pitch to go flat
- + steady, focused air speed=centered supported pitch
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Embouchure (Pitch)
- - weak and poorly developed embouchure=saggy, flabby tone which can cause pitch to go flat
- - tight, biting or forced embouchure=thin, restricted tone which can case pitch to go sharp
- - flute: air stream directed too far down=flat pitch; air stream directed to far up=sharp pitch
- + correctly formed embouchure and direction of air stream=centered and supported pitch
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Amount of Mouthpiece (Pitch)
- - too much mouthpiece=wide, uncontrolled tone plays flat
- - too little mouthpiece in mouth=small, restricted tone induces biting which causes pitch to play sharp
- -flute: too much lower lip on plate=flat pitch; too little lower lip on plate=sharp pitch
- + correct amount of mouthpiece taken in or covered=full and centered pitch
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