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all horses should get __ gallons of water/day
10-15
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what is their maintenance amount of calories?
16,000/day
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horses are non___ herbivores
nonruminent
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__ of dietary energy is from carbs
80-90%
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what % of their daily intake of food needs to be protein?
9%
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what 2 circumstances may a horse require more than 9% of protein?
HL
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what happens when horses get too much protein?
their urine smells of ammonia
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where do most of their minerals come from?
PRG
pasture, roughage, grain
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what are the 5 macro minerals that they require? (abbreviations)
KCPMNS
- K- potassium
- Ca
- Phos
- Mg
- NaCl
- S- sulfur
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what are the microminerals they need?
ICFMSCF (abbreviations)
- Iodine
- Cu- copper
- Fe- Iron
- Mn- manganese
- Se- selenium
- Co- cobalt
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what is the purpose of selenium?
works with vit E to scavenge free radicals
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what dz occurs if they have a selenium deficiency?
what does it do?
- white muscle dz
- weak muscles and infertility
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what of % of an adults body weight needs to be eaten in a day?
1.2-1.5% of their body weight
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ex: a 1000lb horse at a 1.5% diet would receive __ lbs of food a day
how many 5lb blocks of flakes would that be?
-
how do you determine what % out of the 1.2-1.5% range a horse should be getting?
their body condition score
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how many times will a foal nurse a day?
25-30 times
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when can high quality feed and forage be introduced to a foal?
1-2 weeks
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increase their feed amount by __ __ for each month of age
1lb
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when should foals be weaned?
6 mo.
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when should foals be de-wormed?
2-3 mo.
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a weanling should be getting __-__lbs of __% protein a day
-
a weanling should get __lbs of hay per 100 lb of body weight
1lb
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yearlings and 2 year olds need __% protein feed, a mineral block and hay/pasture __ __
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the last 90 d. of gestation energy increases by __%
20%
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protein should be increased during the last 90d. of gestation to __-__%
11-16%
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what are the 2 minerals that are important during the last 90d. of gestation?
-
what type of hay should be given during the last part of gestation?
legume
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a lactation feed should be the same as a __ feed
yearling
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a performance horse requires __lb of forage per 100 lb of BW.
1lb
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senior horses need processed food with forage included that is __ __
easily digestible
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if there is a dental problem with a senior horse, what should be done to their food?
gruel should be made
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__ and __ meals is recommended for seniors?
-
decrease __, and increase __
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why decrease starch for a senior?
decreases amt of excess gas
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what is caused by a non-dust-free food?
RAO or heaves
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what are the 2 nutritional dzs we should know about?
WM
- white muscle dz
- moonblindness
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white muscle dz is seen a lot in __ and __
donkeys and young horses
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WMD is a __ dz, and causes __ weakness, __ tendons
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what is the major cause behind a selenium deficiency in this area?
the soil in the area is selenium deficient
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Moonblindness aka-
caused by a deficiency of __
also caused by __ dz, immune mediated
what breed of horse is pre-disposed to this dz?
- equine recurrent uveitis
- riboflavin
- viral dz
- appaloosa
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