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The smallest basic unit of matter
atom
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One particular type of atom that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means
element
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a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
compound
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An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
ion
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Forms through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
ionic bonds
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Forms when atoms share a pair of electrons
covalent bond
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Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
molecule
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An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
hydrogen bond
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The attraction among molecules of a substance
cohesion
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The attraction among molecules of different substances
adhesion
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A mixture of substances that is the same throughout and is a homogeneous mixture
solution
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The substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance
solvent
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A substance that is dissolved in a solvent
solute
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A compound that releases a proton (hydrogen ion) when it dissolves in water
acid
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Compounds that removes ions from a solution
base
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Measures a solution's acidity or H+ ion concentration
pH
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Each submit in the complete molecule
monomer
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A large molecule or macro-molecule made of many monomers bonded together
polymer
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Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and they include sugars and starches
Carbohydrates
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Nonpolar molecules that includes fats. oils, and cholestrol
lipids
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chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
fatty acids
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A polymer made of monomers called amino acids
proteins
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Molecules that contains carbon, hydrogen oxygen, and sometimes sulfur
amino acids
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Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides
nucleic acids
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Change substances into different substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds
chemical reactions
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Substances changes during a chemical reaction
reactant
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Substances made by a chemical reaction
product
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The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Bond energy
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Reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate
equilibrium
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The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start
Activation Energy
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Chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs
exothermic
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Chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases
endothermic
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A substance that decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction and, as a result, also increase the rate of the chemical reaction
catalyst
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Catalyst for chemical reactions in living things
enzymes
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Specific reactions that an enzyme acts on
substrates
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