-
NMJ must include:
- -ACh
- -generation of action potential
- -excitation-contraction coupling
- -exposure of myosin binding site (calcium)
-
response to a single action potention
muscle twitch
-
3 kinds of graded muscle response
- 1. wave summation
- 2. multiple motor unit summation (recruitment)
- 3. treppe
-
phenomenon when muscles twitch slightly, even at rest, to keep them firm and healthy
muscle tone
-
muscles move: isotonic or isometric?
isotonic
-
form of isotonic, muscle gets longer
ecentric
-
form of isotonic: shortening of muscle
concentric
-
resting length of muscle where it's the strongest
80-120%
-
3 factors for muscle contraction
-
fastest way to generate ATP
direct phosphorylation
-
get the most power, most ATP
aerobic mechcanism
-
force travels through....
- 1) z disc
- 2) sarcomere
- 3) sarcolemma
- 4) endomysium
- 5) perimysium
- 6) epimysium
- 7) tendon
-
if the length of expansion of muscle is too long (over 120%) there is no interaction between ______ and _____
actin & myosin
-
3 muscle fiber types:
- slow oxidative (no fatigue)
- fast oxidative (twitch)
- fast glycolytic (power)
-
hypertrophied cells are from _______ exercise
resistance
-
not hypertrophied cells are from _______ exercise
aerobic (endurance...more mitochondria)
-
carries oxygen in muscle cell
myoglobin
-
muscle fatigue means...
no ATP
-
level of blood glucose
70-110 mg/dL
-
3 (or 4) pathways to make ATP
- 1. aerobic from myoglobin (lasts only a few seconds)
- 2. phosphagen system
- 3. glygogen-lactic-acid (2 min)
- 4. aerobic respiration
-
the fight or flight response
sympathetic division
-
rest & digest division
parasympathetic
-
smooth muscle is governed by this nervous system
ANS
-
most common location of smooth muscle
around tubes
-
Structure of smooth muscle fiber
- -small, spindle shaped
- -one nucleus
- -no striations, no sarcomeres
- -no troponin
- -gap junctions
- -no neuromuscular junctions
- -contractions propel stuff through
- -consumes less atp
-
contraction of smooth muscle
- -Ach
- -Epi
- -NE
- -contracts when stretched, then relaxes
-
types of smooth muscle
- -single-unit (lots of them together)...most common type of smooth muscle
- -multiunit (independent)
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