A&P ch 8

2 classifications of joints

immovable joint

slightly movable joint

freely movable joint

Joint where articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity

occur between bones of the skull and use short connective tissue fibers to hold bones together

fibrous tissue is ossified

bones are connected by ligament (think: lucy - ligament)

peg-in-socket fibrous joint (think: clomp around)

bar or plate of hyaline cartilage united the bones (like epiphyseal plate)

articular surfaces are covered with articular cartilage fused to an intervening pad or plate of fibrocartilage (playing music on an ipad)

joint containing fluid

5 features of synovial joint

What type of arthritis is thought to be the result of an autoimmune disorder?

Bags of lubricant that reduce friction at synovial joints.

Saclike extension of joint capsule between nearby sutures so they slide more easily past each other (think sac--italian for purse)

cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around tendon

What determines the movements that occur at synovial joints? (They play a minimum role is stabilizing joint)

These prevent unwanted or excessive movement at joint; help stabilize joint.

Keeps tendons crossing joints taut; most important factor stabilizing joints.

pointing the toe is a _____ movement

circulating your arms, making a cone shape is a _____ movement

limb towards midline is a _________ movement

limb away from midline is a _________ movement

rotating arm so palm is anterior or superior

rotating arm so the palm is posterior or inferior

twisting foot medially and laterally

moving mandible forward

moving mandible back to original position

lifting a body part

move an elevated body part downward

movement of pinching thumb and finger together

flat surface allowing gliding and transitional movement

cylindrical projection nesting in a trough-shaped structure; movement along single plane

a rounded structure that protrudes into sleeve; uniaxial rotation of a bone (twists)

permits all angular movements; oval articular

type of joint that bears complementary concave and convex areas

spherical structure in cup-like socket (most freely moving)

3 degrees of freedom

the three joints making up a knee joint

Reinforced by muscle tendons

the most freely moving joint of the body (specific)

ligaments that help reinforce shoulder

The tendons that cross the shoulder joint and proved that most stabilizing effect

the hip (coxal) joint is a ____ type joint

The majority of the stability of the hip joint is due to the deep socket of the ______ and the ______.

Ligaments of elbow joint

The most common joint injuries are _____ and ____.

the inflammation of the bursa

inflammation of the tendons; caused by overuse

breakdown of articular cartilage and thickening of bone tissue

the fixed point in the lever system

rotation when _____ overcomes _____

Types of levers produce either increase in ______ or increase in _____.

mechanical advantage equation