Gen Chem 1/2 continued

Alkali metals, not H. Soft, shiny metals able to be shaped. React violently with water. Have a 1+ charge when they become an ion.

Alkaline earth metals. Soft, shiny metals that react moderately with water. These have a 2+ charge when they become an ion.

Transition elements/metals- Cations

Lanthanides (metals)

Actinides

Halogens. Very reactive nonmetals. Most are colored gases at room temp. When they become an ion they have a 1- charge.

Noble gases. These are inert.

Relative mass of an average atom of an element on the 12/6 C scale. Number under the elemental symbol on the periodic table. Not the same as mass number (A). Due to isotopes. Can be calculated from 1. The number of isotopes of the element. 2. Relative mass of each isotope 3. Percent abundance of each isotope

1. Mass 2. Amount

6.022 times 10 the 23rd power

Formed when oppositely charged ions are attracte dto one another. Caused by a transfer of electrons.

Nonmetals, sharing of electrons forming a bond.

Notation of elemental symbols and numerical subscripts that tells the elements and number of atoms of each element present. NaCl

Actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Smallest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound

Exist in nature as single atoms as their base units

Exist as molecules, 2 or more atoms of the same element bonded together

Composed of two or more non-metals covalently bonded.

1. Diatomic 2. Triatomic 3. Polyatomic

Composed of cations and anions bound together by ionic bonds with a basic formula unit

• 1. metal (+)/ non-metal (-)
• 2. Metal (+)/ polyatomic ion (-)
• 3. Polyatomic ion (+)/nonmetal (-)
• 4. Polyatomic ion (+)/ polyatmoic ion (-)

CO3(2-)

OH(-)

NO3(-)

PO4(3-)

NH4(+)

SO4(2-)

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

divide by the molar mass

multiply by the molar mass