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What is cardiocentric brain research?
The heart controlled thoughts, emotions, and behavior
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What is encephalocentric brain research?
The brain controlled thoughts, emotions, and behavior
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5 people who believed in encephalocentric
- Hippocrates
- Plato
- Aristotle "cools the heart"
- Galen
- Descartes
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What is holism?
Every area of the brain can control all human functions
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What is localization?
Human functions are regulated by distinct brain regions
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Why did Franz Gall believe in localization?
Phrenology: felt brain via skull and corresponded to specific personality traits
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Why did Karl Lashley believe in holism?
- Law of mass action: lesion size rather than location is what matters
- Law of equipotentiality: restatement of holism
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What is topical organization?
Mapping of the body onto the brain
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What is dualism?
The mind and body are separate
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What is monism?
The mind is the result of brain functions & follows physical laws
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2 people of monism
- Da Vinci
- Most modern brain scientists
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What is blindsight?
Cannot see objects in their blind field to reach form them while remaining "unconscious" of perceiving them
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What is split brain operation?
Cutting of the corpus callosum
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What is unilateral neglect?
Failure to notice things in left field
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What does the meninges do?
Line and protect the CNS
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3 layers of the meninges
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid layer
- Pia mater
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What is the dura mater?
Tough outer layer
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What is the arachnoid layer?
Middle vascular layer
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What is the pia mater?
Delicate innermost layer
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How does CSF flow down the spinal cord?
Via the central canal
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What are the anatomical planes?
- Sagittal
- Horizontal
- Coronal
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What is the sagittal plane?
Cutting the brain to left and right hemispheres
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What is the coronal plane?
Cutting the brain to front and back
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What is the horizontal plane?
Cutting the brain to top and bottom
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Which direction is dorsal?
Top
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Which direction is ventral?
Bottom
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3 divisions of the brain
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
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2 subdivisions of the prosencephalon
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
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2 subdivisions of the mesencephalon
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3 parts of the telencephalon
- Cerebrum
- Limbic system
- Basal ganglia
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2 parts of the diencephalon
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4 lobes of the cerebrum
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
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Functions of the frontal lobe
- Mental processes
- Movement
- Executive functions (memory, decision making)
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Functions of the parietal lobe
Sensory info
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Functions of the occipital lobe
Vision
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Functions of the temporal lobe
Auditory & emotions
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Function of the limbic system
Emotion & memory
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3 parts of the limbic system
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Septum
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Function of hippocampus
Long term memory
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Function of the amygdala
Negative emotions
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Function of the septum
Pleasure
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Function of the basal ganglia
- Movement
- -Parkinson's
- -Huntington's
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2 parts of the basal ganglia
- Putamen/ globus pallidus
- Caudate
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Function of the putamen/ globus pallidus
Smooth, coordinated movements
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Function of the thalamus
Relays info to and from cerebrum
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Function of the hypothalamus
- Controls pituitary gland
- Eating/ drinking
- Sleeping
- Temp control
- Sex & emotion
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3 parts of the rhombencephalon
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Functions of the cerebellum
Coordination of movement
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Functions of the pons
Bridge between cerebral cortex and cerebellum
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Functions of the medulla
Life support functions like breathing, coughing, vomiting
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2 divisions of the peripheral nervous system
- Somatic nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system
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Functions of the somatic nervous system
- Controls skeletal muscles
- Under voluntary control
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Functions of the autonomic nervous sytem
- Controls cardiac muscle
- Not under voluntary control (stuff you don't think about, breathing)
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2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
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Functions of the sympathetic nervous system
- Fight or flight
- Pupils dilate
- Faster heart rate
- Relaxed bronchi
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Functions of the parasympathetic nervous system
- Energy conservation
- Slows heart rate
- Constricts bronchi
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Cranial nerve VII
- Facial nerve
- Facial muscles
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Cranial nerve X
- Vagus nerve
- Thoracic and upper abdomen
- Chest
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What is a nerve?
Bundles of axons
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What is a tract?
Bundles of axons
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What is a nucleus?
Cluster of cell bodies
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5 segments of the spinal cord
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
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Segments of the spinal cord that are sympathetic
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Segments of the spinal cord that are parasympathetic
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What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
Central sulcus
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The somatosensory cortex is located in which
lobe of the brain?
Parietal lobe
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Where is CSF originated?
Choroid plexus
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