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The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel:
1:1
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The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and instruction.
1:7
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Trust in the LORD with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight.
3:5-6
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The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom. Though it cost all you have, get understanding.
4:7
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Above all else, guard your heart, for everything you do flows from it.
4:23
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For your ways are in full view of the LORD, and he examines all your paths.
5:21
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Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise!
6:6
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A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest—and poverty will come on you like a thief and scarcity like an armed man.
6:10-11
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Can a man scoop fire into his lap without his clothes being burned? Can a man walk on hot coals without his feet being scorched?
6:27-28
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Choose my instruction instead of silver, knowledge rather than choice gold, for wisdom is more precious than rubies, and nothing you desire can compare with her.
8:10-11
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The LORD brought me forth as the first of his works, before his deeds of old; I was formed long ages ago, at the very beginning, when the world came to be.
8:22-23
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Then I was constantly at his side. I was filled with delight day after day, rejoicing always in his presence, rejoicing in his whole world and delighting in mankind.
8:30-31
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Wisdom has built her house; she has set up its seven pillars.
9:1
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The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom, and knowledge of the Holy One is understanding.
9:10
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The proverbs of Solomon: A wise son brings joy to his father, but a foolish son brings grief to his mother.
10:1
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Hatred stirs up conflict, but love covers over all wrongs.
10:12
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As vinegar to the teeth and smoke to the eyes, so are sluggards to those who send them.
10:26
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Wealth is worthless in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death.
11:4
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Like a gold ring in a pig’s snout is a beautiful woman who shows no discretion.
11:22
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The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, and the one who is wise saves lives.
11:30
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A wife of noble character is her husband’s crown, but a disgraceful wife is like decay in his bones.
12:4
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Those who guard their lips preserve their lives, but those who speak rashly will come to ruin.
13:3
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Whoever spares the rod hates their children, but the one who loves their children is careful to discipline them.
13:24
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There is a way that appears to be right, but in the end it leads to death.
14:12
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Whoever oppresses the poor shows contempt for their Maker, but whoever is kind to the needy honors God.
14:31
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A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.
15:1
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Better a small serving of vegetables with love than a fattened calf with hatred.
15:17
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Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.
16:18
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There is a way that appears to be right, but in the end it leads to death.
16:25
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A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones.
17:22
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The name of the LORD is a fortified tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.
18:10
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Discipline your children, for in that there is hope; do not be a willing party to their death.
19:18
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To do what is right and just is more acceptable to the LORD than sacrifice.
21:3
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Train a child in the way they should go, and even when they are old they will not turn from it.
22:6
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Folly is bound up in the heart of a child, but the rod of discipline will drive it far away.
22:15
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acrostic poetry
- Each verse or group begins with a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Proverbs 31
- Take a word to create a series of concepts (J.O.Y.).
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alliteration
Each line or section starts with same consonantal sound at the beginning of a word.
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kethubhim
Third division of the Hebrew Bible containing the poetic books.
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hyperbole
exaggeration used as a rhetorical device for emphasis. Proverbs 21:22
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metaphor
point of comparison using a figure of speech
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Amenemope
Egyptian Pharaoh whose work is closely related to Proverbs 22:17-24:22
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Lemuel
King attributed to writing Proverbs 31. Acrostic
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Agur
attributed to writing chapter 30, seven numerical sayings.
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midda
follows a numerical patter, counting proverb
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chokmah
Most common word for wisdom.
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meshalim
Comes from Marshal. Hebrew term for parable or proverb. Book name.
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distiche
Groups of two lines in parallelism.
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inclusio
Key words, catchwords that reoccur in a section.
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merismus
Two words that are antonyms that are combined into a single unified whole. Proverbs 15:9
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parallelism
The balancing of lines or statements. The most dominant feature of Hebrew poetry.
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Josephus's Canon
How many books?
22 books probably combine Judges and Ruth, Jeremiah and Lamentations
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Josephus's Canon
How many sections?
- Torah/Law, 5 books
- Nebhiim/Prophets, 13 books
- Kethubhim/Writings, 4 books (hymns)
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Authorship & Date
- Solomon wrote chapters 1-24 during his reign.
- Men of Hezekiah, 700 BC. Earliest date for book as we know it.
- No reason to date post-exile.
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Have I not written thirty sayings for you, saying of counsel and knowledge, teaching you true and reliable words, so that you can give sound answers to him who sent you?
22:20-21
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Do you see a man skilled in his work? He will serve before kings; he will not serve before obscure men.
22:29
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Lady Wisdom
- Wisdom is personified as a woman inviting all men to come to her for learning.
- Disaster will come to you if you do not listen to her (1:20-33)
- Wisdom was also present in creation (8:22ff.).
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Your Wife
Describes what God intends for marriage. Drink from your won cistern (5:15-19).
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Lady Folly
Undisciplined. Calls out to the simple man. Stolen water is sweet (9:13).
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The Adulteress
Wisdom saves you and keeps you away from the adulteress. Her victims are many that lead to death (2:16-19; 7:27ff.).
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Outline by Headings
- 1:1 Proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel.
- 10:1 The Proverbs of Solomon
- 22:17 The Sayings of the Wise
- 24:23 These also are saying of the wise
- 25:1 Proverbs of Solomon, copied by the men of Hezekiah
- 30:1 Saying of Agur
- 31:1 Saying of King Lemuel, oracle taught by mother.
- 31:15 Wife of Noble Character.
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Order within Disorder
Chapters 10-12 seem to be random and without structure. However, this section is held together by inclusio, parallelism and chiasm.
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