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A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power ti make and enforce laws without approval fro any higher authority
State
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group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion
nation
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A country in which the territory of both the nation and the state coincide
nation-state
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An agreement about basic beliefs
consensus
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the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
sovereignty
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the institution through which the state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforcer binding decisions on citizens
government
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theory that by contract, people surrender to the state. The power needed to maintain order in the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens
social contract
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a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government
unitary system
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a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
federal system
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a loose union of independent states
confederacy
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a plan that provides the rules for government
constitution
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a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern
constitutional government
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a statement in a constitution that sets forth the goals and purposed of government
preamble
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law that involves the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions
constitutional law
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the efforts to control or influence the conduct and policies of government
politics
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a nation with large industries and advanced technology that provides a more comfortable way of life than developing nations
industrialized nations
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a nation that is only beginning to develop industrially
developing nation
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a system of government in which the power to rule is in the hands of a single individual
autocracy
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autocracy in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government
monarchy
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a system of government in which a small group holds power
oligarchy
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government in which the people rule
democracy
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a government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected representatives, responsible to the people, exercise the power
republic
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a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public party
political party
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the opportunity to control one's own economic decisions
free enterprise
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the study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources
economics
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and economic system providing free choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises
capitalism
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economic system in which buyers and seller make free choices in the marketplace
free market
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the philosophy that government should keep its hands off the economy
laissez-faire
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an economic system in which the governent owns the basic means of production, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as health care and welfare
socialism
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capitalists who own the means of production
Bourgeoisie
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workers who produce the goods
proleteriat
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an economic system in which the central government directs all major economic decisions
communism
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an economic system in which the government controls the factors of production
command economy
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german philosopher, advanced communism, defined proletariat, bourgeoisie, and command economy,working class
Karl Mark
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Agreed with state of nature, people had right to form a social contract which had natural rights, if leader broke the contract, a new on was to be formed
John Locke
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Leading communism-actions of buyers and sellers not the government, should determine what is produced and bought
Adam Smith
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1st person to promote idea of social contract... but he did NOT write it!
Atheist
State of nature>dog eat dog
government formed by people
said absolute ruler was best for government
Thomas Hobbes
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Agrees state of nature
agrees social contract
thought leader shall be overthrown if they didn't follow contract and new government should be put in place
revolt
Rousseau
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