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biceps femoris origin
Origin:The sacrotuberous ligament and the ischiatic tuberosity.
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biceps femoris insertion
- insertion:By means of the fascia lata and crural fascia to the patella, patellar ligament, and cranial border of the tibia
- by means of the crural fascia to the subcutaneous part of the tibial body
- the tuber calcanei.
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biceps femoris action
- action:To extend the hip, stifle, and hock
- The caudal part of the muscle flexes the stifle.
- *cranial portion active during stance phase*
- *caudal portion active during swing phase*
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semitendinosus origin
origin:The ischiatic tuberosity.
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semitendinosus insertion
- insertion:The disto-cranial border of the tibia.
- The medial surface of the body of the tibia and the tuber calcanei by means of the crural fascia.
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semitendinosus action
action:To extend the hip, flex the stifle, and extend the hock.
*extends tarsal joints. Flexes the stifle in non-weight bearing.
- *active during beginning to first 1/3 of stance phase*
- *active during initial of swing phase*
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semimembranosus origin
origin: The ischiatic tuberosity.
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semimembranosus insertion
- insertion:The distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur
- the medial condyle of the tibia.
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semimembranosus action:
- action:To extend the hip.
- The part that attaches to the femur extends the stifle;
- the part that attaches to the tibia flexes or extends the stifle, depending on the position of the limb.
- *cranial and caudal heads active during early stance phase*
- *caudal head active during early swing phase*
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Sartorius origin
- origin:Cranial part—the crest of the ilium and the thoracolumbar fascia;
- caudal part—the cranial ventral iliac spine and the adjacent ventral border of the ilium.
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Sartorius insertion
insertion:Cranial part—the patella, in common with the rectus femoris of the quadriceps; caudal part—the cranial border of the tibia, in common with the gracilis.
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Sartorius action
- action:Both heads: To flex the hip.
- The cranial part extends the stifle;
- the caudal part flexes the stifle
- *active during stance phase*
- *active during swing phase*
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Gracilis origin
origin:The pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon.
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Gracilis insertion
insertion:The entire cranial border of the tibia and, with the semitendinosus, the tuber calcanei
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Gracilis action
- action:To adduct the limb,
- flex the stifle,
- extend the hip and hock
- extend the tarsus
*active during stance phase*
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Pectineus origin
origin:From the iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon.
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Pectineus insertion
insertion:The distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur.
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Pectineus action
action:To adduct the limb
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Adductor mm. (adductor longus & adductor magnus et brevis) origin
origin:the entire pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon, the adjacent part of the ischiatic arch, and ventral surface of the pubis and ischium.
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Adductor mm. (adductor longus & adductor magnus et brevis) insertion
insertion:The entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur.
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Adductor mm. (adductor longus & adductor magnus et brevis) action
action:To adduct the limb and extend the hip.
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tensor fasciae latae origin
origin:The tuber coxae and adjacent part of the ilium; the aponeurosis of the middle gluteal muscle.
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tensor fasciae latae insertion
insertion:The lateral femoral fascia.
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tensor fasciae latae action
- action:To tense the lateral femoral fascia,
- flex the hip,
- extend the stifle
- abduct limb
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superficial gluteal origin
- origin:The lateral border of the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, partly by means of the sacrotuberous ligament;
- the cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of the deep gluteal fascia.
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superficial gluteal insertion
insertion:The third trochanter.
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superficial gluteal action
action:To extend the hip and abduct the limb.
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middle gluteal origin
origin:The crest and gluteal surface of the ilium.
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middle gluteal insertion
insertion:The greater trochanter
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middle gluteal action
- action:To extend and abduct the hip
- to rotate the pelvic limb medially
- prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing
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deep gluteal origin
- origin:The body of the ilium;
- the ischiatic spine.
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deep gluteal insertion
insertion:The cranial aspect of the greater trochanter
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deep gluteal action
action:To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate the pelvic limb medially.
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articularis coxae origin
origin: lateral surface of ilium
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articularis coxae insertion
insertion:neck of the femur
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articularis coxae action
- action:tense joint capsule
- flexor of hip joint (minimal)
*marker of hip joint
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internal obturator origin
origin:The symphysis pelvis and the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis (including the rami of pubis and ischium, ischiatic table and ischiatic arch)
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internal obturator insertion
insertion:The trochanteric fossa of the femur
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internal obturator action
- action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip
- prevent medial rotation when weight bearing
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gemelli origin
origin:The lateral surface of the body of ischium, caudal to the acetabulum and ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch
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gemelli insertion
insertion:The trochanteric fossa
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gemelli action
- action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip
- prevent medial rotation on weight bearing
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quadratus femoris origin
origin:The ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium
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quadratus femoris insertion
insertion:Intertrochanteric crest ending at the third trochanter
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quadratus femoris action
action:To extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally.
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external obturator origin
origin:The ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
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external obturator insertion
insertion:The trochanteric fossa.
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external obturator action
- action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally
- prevent medial rotation on bearing weight
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iliopsoas origin
- origin:Psoas major—lumbar vertebrae;
- iliacus—cranioventral ilium
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iliopsoas insertion
insertion:Lesser trochanter
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iliopsoas action
- action:To flex the hip
- weight bearing flexes and fixes vertebral column
- limb caudally extended draws trunk caudally
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quadriceps femoris origin
- origin:Rectus femoris—body of ilium (cranial to acetabulum;
- vastus medialis—proximal fifth of femur along the line of the medial lip
- vastus lateralis- craniolateral part of proximal fifth of the femur on the transverse line and on the lateral lip
- vastus intermedius-proximal fourth of femur and along with vastus lateralis
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quadriceps femoris insertion
insertion:Tibial tuberosity
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quadriceps femoris action
- action:To extend the stifle
- flex the hip joint(rectus femoris)
- tense the crural fascia
*active during stance phase*
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