Thigh/Hip OIA

Origin:The sacrotuberous ligament and the ischiatic tuberosity.

• insertion:By means of the fascia lata and crural fascia to the patella, patellar ligament, and cranial border of the tibia
• by means of the crural fascia to the subcutaneous part of the tibial body
• the tuber calcanei.

• action:To extend the hip, stifle, and hock 
• The caudal part of the muscle flexes the stifle.

• *cranial portion active during stance phase*
• *caudal portion active during swing phase*

origin:The ischiatic tuberosity.

• insertion:The disto-cranial border of the tibia.
• The medial surface of the body of the tibia and the tuber calcanei by means of the crural fascia.

action:To extend the hip, flex the stifle, and extend the hock. 

*extends tarsal joints. Flexes the stifle in non-weight bearing.

• *active during beginning to first 1/3 of stance phase*
• *active during initial of swing phase*

origin: The ischiatic tuberosity.

• insertion:The distal medial lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur
• the medial condyle of the tibia.

• action:To extend the hip.
• The part that attaches to the femur extends the stifle;
• the part that attaches to the tibia flexes or extends the stifle, depending on the position of the limb.

• *cranial and caudal heads active during early stance phase*
• *caudal head active during early swing phase*

• origin:Cranial part—the crest of the ilium and the thoracolumbar fascia;
• caudal part—the cranial ventral iliac spine and the adjacent ventral border of the ilium.

insertion:Cranial part—the patella, in common with the rectus femoris of the quadriceps; caudal part—the cranial border of the tibia, in common with the gracilis.

• action:Both heads: To flex the hip.
• The cranial part extends the stifle;
• the caudal part flexes the stifle

• *active during stance phase*
• *active during swing phase*

origin:The pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon.

insertion:The entire cranial border of the tibia and, with the semitendinosus, the tuber calcanei

• action:To adduct the limb,
• flex the stifle,
• extend the hip and hock 
• extend the tarsus

*active during stance phase*

origin:From the iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon.

insertion:The distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur.

action:To adduct the limb

origin:the entire pelvic symphysis by means of the symphysial tendon, the adjacent part of the ischiatic arch, and ventral surface of the pubis and ischium.

insertion:The entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur.

action:To adduct the limb and extend the hip.

origin:The tuber coxae and adjacent part of the ilium; the aponeurosis of the middle gluteal muscle.

insertion:The lateral femoral fascia.

• action:To tense the lateral femoral fascia,
• flex the hip,
• extend the stifle
• abduct limb

• origin:The lateral border of the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, partly by means of the sacrotuberous ligament;
• the cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of the deep gluteal fascia.

insertion:The third trochanter.

action:To extend the hip and abduct the limb.

origin:The crest and gluteal surface of the ilium.

insertion:The greater trochanter

• action:To extend and abduct the hip
• to rotate the pelvic limb medially
• prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing

• origin:The body of the ilium;
• the ischiatic spine.

insertion:The cranial aspect of the greater trochanter

action:To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate the pelvic limb medially.

origin: lateral surface of ilium

insertion:neck of the femur

• action:tense joint capsule
• flexor of hip joint (minimal)

*marker of hip joint

origin:The symphysis pelvis and the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis (including the rami of pubis and ischium, ischiatic table and ischiatic arch)

insertion:The trochanteric fossa of the femur

• action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip 
• prevent medial rotation when weight bearing

origin:The lateral surface of the body of ischium, caudal to the acetabulum and ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch

insertion:The trochanteric fossa

• action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip 
• prevent medial rotation on weight bearing

origin:The ventral surface of the caudal part of the ischium

insertion:Intertrochanteric crest ending at the third trochanter

action:To extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally.

origin:The ventral surface of the pubis and ischium

insertion:The trochanteric fossa.

• action:To rotate the pelvic limb laterally
• prevent medial rotation on bearing weight

• origin:Psoas major—lumbar vertebrae;
• iliacus—cranioventral ilium

insertion:Lesser trochanter

• action:To flex the hip 
• weight bearing flexes and fixes vertebral column
• limb caudally extended draws trunk caudally

• origin:Rectus femoris—body of ilium (cranial to acetabulum;
• vastus medialis—proximal fifth of femur along the line of the medial lip
• vastus lateralis- craniolateral part of proximal fifth of the femur on the transverse line and on the lateral lip
• vastus intermedius-proximal fourth of femur and along with vastus lateralis

insertion:Tibial tuberosity

• action:To extend the stifle
• flex the hip joint(rectus femoris)
• tense the crural fascia

*active during stance phase*