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Bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes called....
Haversian canals
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Bones consist of:
- -tissue
- -marrow
- -blood
- -cartilage
- -periosteum
-
Minerals that harden matrix of bone:
calcium & phosphate
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Shapes of bones:
- -long
- -short
- -flat
- -irregular
-
The enlarged ends of a long bone:
- (2) epiphyges
- (2) epiphygis
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The shaft of long bone is covered with____.
Periosteum
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The functional cell in mature compact bone is the:
osteocyte
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The structural unit of bone is ________________.
osteon (Haversian system)
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Tubes of bone matrix
lamellae
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In a living bone, what is contained in a lacuna?
osteocyte
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Matrix of osseous tissue (organic)
- -collagen
- -glycosaminoglycans
- -proteoglycans
- -glycoproteins
-
Matrix of osseous tissue (inorganic)
- -hydroxyapatite
- -calcium carbonate
- -other minerals
-
In bone tissue, minerals resist _______ and _______ resists _____.
compression; collagen, tension
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axial skeleton consists of ______, _______ and _______.
skull, vertebral column, and rib-cage
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The joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone is the:
lambdoidal suture
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The sagittal suture is located between the _______ and_______ bones.
parietal & parietal
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The glenoid cavity is where the ______.
humerus articulates with the scapula
-
Joint that is the greatest degree of movement.
ball-and-socket
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What are the two types of bone tissue?
compact and spongy
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The _______ _______ makes up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone most superficially.
diaphysis or shaft
-
Name the canals that, in compact bone, that are for the passage of vessels and nerves from the outside of the bone to its interior central canals.
Volkmann's canals
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In embryos, the skeleton is primarily made of _______, but in the adult most of the skeleton is _______.
cartilage, bone
-
In a comminuted fracture the:
bone breaks into many fragments
-
In intramembranous ossification, the membrane forms bone from _______.
fibrous connective tissue membranes
-
Single vertebrae are separated by _______, which cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks.
Intervertebral disks
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The spinal curvatures in the _______ and _______ regions are referred to as primary curvatures because they are present in the late fetus and infant.
thoracic, sacral
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In endochonral ossification, bone tissue replaces _____.
hyaline cartilage
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These bones experience intramembrane ossification
cranial and clavicle
-
For long bone growth, the cells of the epiphyseal plate proximal to the resting cartilage arrange in 3 zones:
- 1) growth
- 2) transformation
- 3) osteogenic
-
bone growth increasing in length
interstitial
-
bone growth increasing in width
appositional
-
lattice network of spongy bone
trabeculae
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stages of healing fractures:
- 1. fracture hematoma
- 2. soft callus
- 3. hard callus
- 4. remodeling
-
Common types of fractures (9)
- 1. open, displaced
- 2. transverse, nondisplaced
- 3. oblique, nondisplaced
- 4. greenstick
- 5. comminuted
- 6. linear
- 7. Potts (ankle)
- 8. Spiral
- 9. Colles (wrist)
-
bones losses mass and becomes brittle (loss of organic matrix and minerals)
osteoporosis
-
best treatment for osteoporosis is prevention, taking ______mg of _____ a day
1000mg of calcium
-
How much Ca does human body contain?
1200-1400g, 99% stored as bone minerals
-
the bone at the rear and base of skull
occipital
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hole in skull that hold spinal cord
foramen magnum
-
skull rests on atlas at _______
occipital condyles
-
in the skull, the _____ canal transmits _____ nerve, suppressing the tongue
hypoglossal & hypoglossal
-
What lines mark the neck muscles?
Nuchal
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The keystone bone
sphenoid
-
In the body of the sphenoid is located ______.
- sella turcica
- hypophyseal
- pituitary gland
-
the sinus located near the sphenoid bone
sphenoid sinus
-
the paranasal sinuses
- -ethmoid
- -frontal
- -spheniod
- -maxillary
-
The neural arch of vertebra.
-
bone formed in tendon that passes over joint
sesamoid
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