-
Name and briefly explain the three main subdivisions of anatomy
- Gross or macroscopic (regional, systemic, surface)
- Microscopic (cytology, histology)
- Developmental (embryology)
-
Briefly explain the subdivisions of Gross Anatomy
Gross anatomy: study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.
-
Briefly explain the subdivisions of Microscopic Anatomy
Microscopic anatomy: examination of body tissues using a microscope
-
What is "Physiology"?
Physiology: function of the body’s structural machinery, “How it works”
-
Briefly explain the three fundamental concepts of Anatomy and Physiology
- Complementarity of structure and function: Anatomy doesn’t make sense without physiology and vice versa
- Hierarchy of structural organization: The human body has many levels of structural organization (from simple to complex)
- Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment, regardless of changes in the external environment
-
Describe the 6 levels in the hierarchy of structural organization
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Integumentary system
- Major organs or tissues:
- hair
- skin
- nails
- Primary Functions:
- Protects deeper tissues from injury and infection
- houses cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure) and sweat glands (temperature regulation)
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Skeletal System
- Major organs or tissues:
- Bones
- Joints
- Primary Functions: Protects and supports body organs
- Framework for muscles(body movements)
- Blood cells formed in bones
- Bones store minerals
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Muscular System
- Major organs or tissues: Skeletal Muscles
- Primary Functions:
- Movement of the body (locomotion)
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Nervous system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Nerves
- Primary Functions:
- Fast-acting response to changes in the internal and external environment
- Learning cognition
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Endocrine System
- Major organs or tissues: Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
- Thymus
- Adrenal gland
- Pancreas
- Testes
- Ovaries
- Primary Functions:
- Secrete hormones that regulate growth
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Cardiovascular System
- Major organs or tissues: Heart
- Blood vessels
- Primary Functions:
-
Pumps(heart) and transports (vessels) blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide nutrients and wastes.
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Lymphatic/Immune system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Red bone marrow
- Thymus
- Lymphatic vessels
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Primary Functions:
Defense against foreign invaders - Formation of white blood cells
- Return of fluid leaked form blood vessels to blood
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Respiratory
- Major organs or tissues:
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi lungs
- Primary Functions:
- Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
- Removes carbon dioxide form blood
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Digestive system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Intestines
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Gall bladder
- Rectum anus
- Primary Functions:
- Break down food into absorptive units
- Excretion of indigestible food
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Urinary system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Kidney
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Primary Functions:
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes (Breakdown of protein)
- Regulates water
- Electrolyte and pH balance of blood
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Male Reproductive system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Prostate
- Penis
- Testes
- Scrotum
- Ductus deferens
- Primary Functions:
- Production of sperm and male sex hormones
- Transfer of sperm to female
-
Describe the main components and functions of the Female Reproductive system
- Major organs or tissues:
- Ovaries
- Uterine tube
- Uterus
- Vagina
- Mammary glands
- Primary Functions:
- Production of eggs and female sex hormones
- Site of fertilization and fetus development
- Nutrition for infant
-
What are the two compartments that make up the internal environment of the body?
- Negative Feedback
- Positive Feedback
-
Explain how negative feedback systems work. How is this related to homeostasis?
- Most homeostatic mechanisms
- Effector “shuts off” or reduces the original stimulus
- Opposite direction
- Returns variable to “normal” range
- Prevents sudden or severe changes in the body
-
For examples given in class, you must know if they fall into the negative or the positive feedback category.
- Effector “enhances” the original stimulus Same direction
- Process continues at a faster rate
- Pushes variable out of “normal” range
-
What happens when homeostasis is disturbed? Be able to name some examples.
There's a change withing the internal environment.
-
Describe the main components and functions of the
Major organs or tissues: Primary Functions:
-
Describe the main components and functions of the
Major organs or tissues: Primary Functions:
|
|
