HIST201-03

• Whig Party
• Had no prior political background
• Owned slaves in Louisiana
• Won election of 1848

• Based on antislavery advocation
• Nominated Martin Van Buren for election of 1848
• They didn't want slavery in the new territories because it would cause competition

• The democratic nominee for president in the election of 1848
• Supported the doctrrine of popular sovereignty

Stated that congress had no constitutional authority to regulate slavery in the territories and citizens could take their property into any area that is commonly owned by the states

Stated that the people of the territories should decide the issue of slavery in their territory

Gold was discovered in California

• Established to help slaves escape the South
• Used antislavery homes as shelters

Conductor of the Underground Railroad

• Postponed the issue of slavery for 10 years
• Whig leaders Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
• Democrat leader Stephen A. Douglass
• Zachary Taylor wouldn't agree to a compromise, but he died and his VP supported the compromise
• It admitted California as a free state
• Allowed the rest of the Mexican Cession to have popular sovereignty
• Resolved the boundary dispute with Texas
• Abolished slavery in D.C.
• Created the Fugitive Slave Act

Zachary Taylor's vice president that took over the presidency when Taylor died

Legalized the capture of runaway slaves in the North

• Northern Whigs: General Winfield Scott
• Southern Whigs voted with the Democrats because they didn't approve of Scott
• Democrats: Franklin Pierce
• Pierce won the election

• Southerners wanted more territory to expand slavery
• William Walker made himself president of Nicaragua but was killed
• Britain wanted Nicaragua for a canal but it was against the Monroe Doctrine

Forbid both America and Britain from fortifying control over any future canal

• Written in secret, but leaked out
• Stated that the Pierce administration should offer Spain $120 million for Cuba and take it by force if the offer was rejected

The US purchased some land in Northern Mexico for $10 million to build the transcontinental railroad

• Designed to organize the territories and allow popular sovereignty to be the method of choosing free or slave state status
• It was understood that Nebraska would be a free state and Kansas would be a slave state, keeping balance in congress
• The act was passed

• Lawrence, Kansas was attacked by proslavery advocates
• John Brown-abolitionist: Pottawatomie Massacre

• Was written by proslavery advocates as the constitution to the state of Kansas
• Protected slavery
• Free soilers boycotted the election
• It was passed, but then revoked when a reelection took place

• Democratic candidate that defeated John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore in the election of 1856
• Supported the Lecompton Constitution in Kansas

• A senator from Massachusetts that was attacked after giving a speech where he condemned proslavery and insulted Stephen Douglas and Andrew Butler from South Carolina
• Butler's nephew Preston Brooks attacked him with his cane until it broke

• Dred Scot was a slave who had lived on free soil for five years
• Abolitionists sued for his freedom
• Supreme Court decided that because he wasn't a citizen, he couldn't sue in federal court
• Because a slave was private property, he could be taken into any territory and legally remain a slave
• Argued that the 5th amendment forbade congress from depriving people from private property without the due process of law
• Also stated that the Missouro Compromise was unconstitutional and Congress had no authority to ban slavery

• Wasn't as bad as previous panics
• Inflated currency was caused by the Gold Rush and land speculation
• The North was hit harder than the South

• Took place during the election of the Illinois Senator
• Abraham Licoln ran against Stephen Douglas
• Lincoln asked the Freeport Question
• Douglas won the election, but Lincoln gained popularity

What if the people of a territory should vote slavery down? The Supreme Court said they could not do this, who is right?

• John Brown took federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry and tried to invade the South, but the slaves didn't rebel
• Attack was unsuccessful and Brown was hung on the basis of treaty

• Republican: Abraham Lincoln
• Northern Democrats: Stephen Douglas
• Southern Democrats: John C. Breckinridge
• Constitutional Union Party: John Bell
• Licoln won

• Jefferson Davis as president
• Richmond, Virginia as capital

Protected slavery south of the 36/30 parallel according to the Missouri Compromise

• Was owned by the Union, but located in the Confederacy
• Ran out of supplies
• Lincoln asked to send supplies, but was attacked anyway
• Start of the Civil War

• Slave states that remained in the Union
• Missouri
• Kentucky
• West Virginia (created in the split)
• Maryland
• Deleware

• Defensive war
• Greater morale in the beginning
• Talented military

• No factories to manufacture supplies
• Poor transportation
• Poor economy

• Good economy
• Better Navy
• More manpower

• Weren't prepared for military life
• Not well trained military

• A British ship that had two Confederate diplomats onboard near a Union warship
• Union removed diplomats
• Lincoln released them, but it still angered Britain

Confederate ship being built in a British neutral port

• Was in control of France
• Took control of Mexico and occupied Mexico City
• Violated the Monroe Doctrine
• Archduke Maximilian as emporer of Mexico

• Had a political background
• Found it hartd to unify a collection of states
• Didn't believe in compromise

• Wanted to preserve the Union
• Had a political background
• Was personable
• Thought authority was neccessary in crisis
• Increased the army and supervised voting in the border states

• Union: Irvin McDowell
• Confederate: P.G.T. Beauregard and Stonewall Jackson
• Union defeated

• Union General Winfield Scott came up with it
• Designed to surround the Confederate army using a naval blockade, the Mississippi River, and placing armies strategically.

• Union: Ulysses S. Grant
• Union victory

• Union: Grant
• marched to Shiloh
• Pushed Confederate army to Corinth, Mississippi
• Lost 13,000 soldiers
• Union victory

Marched from New Orleans to Baton Rouge, then on to Port Hudson

• Union: George McClellan
• Confederate: Joseph E. Johnston and Robert E. Lee
• Goal to capture the Confederate capital
• Included the Battle of Seven Pines and the Seven Days Battle

Confederate Victory

• Union: McClellan
• Confederate: Lee
• Lee lost his battle plans and Union found them
• Lee was forced to retreat
• Lincoln was disgusted with McClellan for not taking the chance to destroy Lee
• Union victory

Lincoln declared all slaves in the states of rebellion free, but it excluded the border states

• A former slave trader and the founder of the KKK
• Captured Fort Pillow in Tennessee

• Lincoln replaced McClellan with Burnside
• Was too decisive and jumped into battle without preparation
• Outnumbered Lee at Fredericksburg in Virginia, but lost

• Lincoln replaced Burnside with Hooker
• Outnumbered Lee at Chancellorsville but was forced to retreat

• Lincoln replaced Hooker with Meade
• Fought Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg where he outnumbered Lee
• Union Victory

• Took place on the third day of battle in Gettysburg
• Lee sent his army through the middle of the line to break through it, but it was in an open field and the Union had high ground
• The Union picked them off

Lincoln dedicated a nationl cemetary to the battlefield

• Union: Grant
• Confederate: John Pemberton
• Union victory

• Was the gateway to the lower South and opened the way to Atlanta, GA
• Union: William Rosecrans
• Confederate: Braxton Braggs
• Union victory

• Union: Grant
• Confederate: Lee
• Union victory

Marched to Atlanta from the West

• Democrats who wanted peace were Copperheads: George McClellan
• War Democrats and Republicans came together as a party: Lincoln
• Lincoln reelected

Lee surrendered to Grant

• Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
• Andrew Johnson took Lincoln's place

Stated that if 10% of the citizens in a state were to declare an oath to the US, then the state could be readmitted to the union

Wanted to punish the South and help the freed slaves

Freed the slaves

A welfare agency for the freed slaves

• Regulated the lives of the freed slaves and guaranteed a steady suply of labor
• Corrupt

Someone owned the property you used and gathered the profit from the crops you grew

Gave citizenship to the male freed slaves

• To enforce the Congressional Reconstruction Plan
• It divided the South into five military districts commanded by union generals and policed by soldiers

Gave the right to vote to freed slaves at the federal level

White southern republicans who collaborated with the North

Northerners who moved South to make money off of the reconstruction

Former leaders of the South before reconstruction that took over once the union soldiers left

• Southern whites
• Used intimidation, fear, violence, and murder to keep the black community subjugated

Sent federal troops into the South to stop the KKK but it was too late

Stated that the president had to get the consent of the senate in order to get rid of or fire any appointee of the senate

• Was owned by Russia
• Purchased by the US for $7 million
• Secretary of State Seward was in charge of the purchase
• Gold and oil was found

• Republicans: Grant
• Democrats: Horation Seymour
• Grant won

Grant's administration was corrupt

• Major stockholders in the Union Pacific Railroad formed a company and gave it money to build part of the railroad
• They gave shares of the company to congressmen to make money

Distillers bribed government officials to relieve the tax on liquor

• Republicans revolted from Grant and nominated Horace Greeley, becoming the Liberal Republicans
• Grant still won the election