ENVH CH 9

Which of the following are involved in the hydrological cycle?

-Sun, atmosphere, earth, water

Which of the following is NOT a process normally associated with the hydrological cycle?

Plants add water to the atmosphere, in a process called __________.

Water covers ____ of the earth's surface.

_____ of the total amount of water on earth is salt water contained within the oceans and seas.

Less than _____ of the earth's water exists as accessible freshwater, available for human use.

Water comprises approximately _____ of the human body.

Which of the following is NOT normally a major factor in how a country manages its water resources ?

-Wild animal population of the country, economy of country, available tech, level of industry, agriculture

Which of the following is not normally an effective water management technique?

_______ often consumes the largest portion of the freshwater supply.

Over ______ of the world's water demand is used for irrigation.

Groundwater sources supply drinking water to approximately ____ of the people living in the United States.

Which of the following are potential sources of groundwater contamination?

-Accidental spills, stormwater runoff, wastewater, aquifer water, agricultural runoff

Which of the following are types of pollutants found in groundwater?

• nitrates


• inorganic ions


• synthetic organic chemicals


• pathogens

Water stress occurs when more than ________ of the available fresh water is being used.

Which of the following inorganic compounds is NOT of particular health concern in the water system?

Agriculture demands an average of _____ of the world's fresh surface waters, making it the largest consumer of fresh water.

The main steps of water treatment include which of the following?

• a. sedimentation


• b. coagulation-flocculation


• c. filtration


• d. disinfection

Which of the following is NOT normally used for water disinfection?

Primary treatment of wastewater is largely a _________ process.

T/F: The heat absorption from the sun to transform water into different states is an important component of the hydrological cycle.
True False

T/F: It is believed that most of the easily accessible sources of fresh water are currently in use.
True False

T/F: Our current water supplies can NOT meet the huge demand of water.
True False

T/F: Water scarcity and unclear water rights can cause or exacerbate national and international conflict.
True False

T/F: The countries most affected by water scarcity are developing countries.
True False

T/F: Sustainable water use implies that current needs are met without diminishing the resource for future generations' use and at no expense to environmental need.
True False

T/F: 60% of the water used in agriculture is lost to evaporation or runoff.
True False

T/F: The bulk of domestic water use in the United States serves for flushing toilets, showering, and watering lawns.
True False

T/F: Desalinization is NOT yet being used in this world to obtain fresh water.
True False

T/F: Many of the claims on bottled water, such as "pure" and "natural" are meaningless, as these terms are NOT regulated by any government agency.

T/F: Many industrial discharges are considered point sources, as they enter waterways at a single location.
True False

T/F: After the treatment of sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, filtration, and disinfection, the water should be free of most contaminants.
True False

List the three major categories of water consumers in the world.