Lab Quiz 1

•  pair of lenses used to view a object through a microscope, 10x

• sample side (of the turret) lenses that magnify by 4x, 10x, 40x, or 100x

4x, 10x

40x (but also technically 4x, 10x)

100x

the calibration of objectives so that when changing from one objective to another, the focus will not change by much and will only need fine  adjustments to maintain focus

• larger knob used for the initial, ‘rough’ focusing; the small knob used for fine sharp
• focusing

the condenser distributes the light source light to create even illumination; the condenser may also be adjusted to increase or decrease side scatter to sharpen focused images

a camera-like diaphragm that can be used to adjust the amount of light that illuminates a sample

holds samples steady and flat, and allows for fine movement of the slides in two dimensions

microscope that uses two or more lenses and visible light to magnify objects

microscopy where the field is bright and the object(s) being observed are dark or opaque

microscopy where the field is dark and the object that is being observed is light or clear. DFM is often used to enhance internal details.

bright field microscopy where the optical system provides extra scattered light to unstained objects, enhancing dimensionality and edges. One type is DIC.

uses very bright light that is passed through high-pass or narrow-bandwidth excitation filters before illuminating the sample. The emission light is also filtered (usually high-pass) to eliminate the excitation range, allowing the viewer (or camera) to see only the locations were dye is present.

green liquid disinfectant; can use to cover surfaces involving live organisms and disinfect lab surfaces

infectious organisms

microscope slide of liquid specimen covered with cover glass

unicellular fungi with little or no mycelium that reproduces asexually, mainly by budding; involved in alcoholic fermentation and used to make alcoholic beverages (like beer and wine) and leavened bread

characteristic method of asexual reproduction among yeasts

multicellular masses of filamentous fungal growth

individual filaments, generally comprised of more than one cell

the entire mass of intermeshed hyphae

sometimes circular body of fungal growth visible to the unaided eye

the asexual reproductive body of a fungus

hyphal cross walls that divide filaments into separate cells

special covered dish used to culture cells

liquid nutrient designed to support the growth of microorganisms, such as nutrient broths or agar plates (when thickened with agar agar)

a gelatinous material derived from algae specifically used to culture bacterial and other cells

film of microbial cells on a microscope slide

air or heat dried smear; used to affix smear and slide can be viewed without cover glass

staining cells with a single dye

rod-shaped bacteria

an extremely heat- and chemical-resistant, dormant, thick-walled spore that develops within bacteria; survival forms for the cells

Sabouraud agar

Lactophenol cotton blue

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bacillus megaterium

a stain that allows us to distinguish between different types of cells by way of differential chromophore binding.

the best or brightest of two or more stains in a differential staining procedure (crystal violet in Gram staining).

the secondary stain (safranin in Gram staining),often differential or used to highlight additional features of the cells being examined

a chemical treatment that intensifies the bond between a dye and the cell.

a chemical treatment that removes unbound stain from cells

the study of shapes; in this case, the consistent details of the shape and clustering of bacteria.

bacterial cells that retain the stain carbofuchsin even after decolorization with acid-alcohol.

variation in size and shape in a population of a single organism

spherical-shaped cells

a nonliving mucilaginous sheath found external to the cell wall of some, but not all, bacteria.

Decolorizing with acetone alcohol

produce spores

a method of darkening the background around the cells with dye in order to better observe  their structure; not true staining; cells appear as bright spots in a darkened field of view, similar to the appearance of dark field microscopy.

moving or having the power to move spontaneously; utilizes energy.

movement as a result of molecules colliding with the cells; this is simple vibration, not motility.