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Parts of a microscope
- Ocular Lens
- Objective Lens
- Stage
- Light Source
- Base
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What is a compound microscope?
An objective and ocular lens is used to compound magnification
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Steps of a gram stain
- Apply crystal violet dye to slide
- Apply iodine to slide to make dye more stay-fast
- Decolorize with alcohol to remove dye from gram negative bacteria
- Apply safranin to slide
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What color does Gram positive/negative bacteria stain?
- Positive - Blue/purple
- Negative - Red/pink
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Steps to extract DNA:
- Collect Cells
- Lyse cells to collect DNA
- Separate DNA from protien and debris
- Isolate concentrated DNA
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What are histones, detergent and protinease K?
- Histones - bundles that DNA are wrapped around inside the nucleus
- Protinease K - element in lysis solution that unravels histones
- Detergent - Breaks cell wall/membrane so DNA can be released
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What does the salt do while isolating DNA?
Causes protien and other debris to clump together so DNA can be easily seen
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Gram positive vs. Gram negative bacteria
- Differences in cell walls:
- Gram positive has 20% more PTG
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6 common gram positive bacteria that infect humans:
- Streptococcus (cocci)
- Staphylococcus (cocci)
- Bacillus(bacilli)
- Clostridium (bacilli)
- Cornyebacterium (bacilli)
- Lysteria (bacilli)
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Examples of Gram Negative bacteria:
- Spirochetes - (spiral-shaped)
- Neisseria (cocci)
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What is a mycoplasma?
- A bacteria that has no cell wall.
- Penicillins aren't effective
- Bacteria change shape, or are "Pleomorphic"
- Smallest bacteria capable of self-reproduction
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How does transcription work?
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What is a Type I Hypersenstitivity?
- IgE mediated
- Antigen causes crosslinking of IgE antibodies bound to IgE receptors of mast cells.
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What is a Type IV Hypersensitivity?
- Delayed hypersensitivity
- T-Cell mediated
- T-Cells release cytokines
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TB - What kind of mask?
N95
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Meningitis - What kind of mask?
Surgical Mask
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Flu - What kind of mask?
Surgical Mask
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Chickenpox - What kind of mask?
No mask.
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What goes in a sharps box?
Anything sharp
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What goes in a trash can?
- Trash
- Gloves
- Used bandaids
- Gauze with DRY substances
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What goes in a biohazard container?
Anything with WET fluids/substances on it.
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Patient with Encephalitis - precautions:
Standard Precautions
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Scabies - What kind of precautions?
Contact Precautions
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Meningococcal Meningitis - What type of precautions?
Respiratory precautions
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SARS - What kind of precautions?
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VRE - What kind of precautions?
Contact precautions
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Tuberulosis - What kind of precautions?
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Anthrax - What kind of precautions?
Standard precautions
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Hep A, B, C - What type of precautions?
Standard precautions
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What types of precautions are needed for the following situations?
Managing trauma patient
Changing IV dressing
Cleaning Incontinent patinet
Taking blood pressure
Irrigating large open wound
Inserting catherter
- Managing trauma patient - Handwashing, Gloves, Gown, Faceshield
- Changing IV Dressing - Handwashing, Gloves
- Cleaning Incontinent Patient - Handwashing, Gloves, Gown
- Taking Blood Pressure - Handwashing
- Irrigating Large Open Wound - Handwashing, Gloves, Gown, Faceshield
- Inserting Catherter - Handwashing, Gloves
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