World Geography Test #1

• 1. Representative Fraction
• 2. Bar graph
• 3. Narrative
• 4. Ratio

• 1. Carbon Dioxide
• 2. Methane
• 3. Ozone
• 4. Water Vapor

• 1) South Asia
• 2) East Asia
• 3) Europe
• 4) Eastern North America

• 1. latitude - high, middle, low
• 2. altitude - lapse rate
• 3. ocean currents
• 4. prevailing winds
• 5. land and water distribution
• 6. semi permanent high/low pressure centers
• 7. mountain barriers
• 8. storms - low pressure centers (hurricanes and tornadoes)

• (low to high)
• Tierra Caliente
• Tierra Templada
• Tierra Fria
• Tierra Helada
• Tierra Navada

• Cold ocean currents off the coast
• Mountain barriers
• Area far from the sea in the middle of a large land mass
• Location around 30 degrees North and South Latitude or "horse latitude"
• Winds blowing parallel to the coast

• Found in ice caps (2.05% of all water on earth)
• Ground water (0.68%) --> Aquifers - porous rock layers (fossil water)
• Rivers, Lakes, Creeks (0.02%)

The making of maps

The earth is "egg-shaped"  or wider around the middle than it is from the North to South poles

• 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds
• 24 hour day

The earth's orbit around the sun is elliptical

• 1579
• Distorts the earth
• Created for the purpose of navigation

• Run East and West around the globe and measure distance North and South
• (horizontal lines)
• Can be used to find absolute location

0 degrees latitude

66 1/2 N. Lat. = Arctic Circle

66 1/2 S. Lat. = Antarctic Circle

23 1/2 N. Lat. = Tropic of Cancer

23 1/2 S. Lat. = Tropic of Capricorn

90 degrees North lat. is North Pole

90 degrees South lat. is South Pole

When the tilt of the earth's axis is inclined as close as possible to the sun.  Also the longest day of the year or longest sunlight during the day.

When the earth's tilt is inclined as far as possible from the sun.  Also the shortest day of the year or the shortest sunlight during the day.

Occurring in September in the northern hemisphere, the earth's tilt is neither inclined towards or away from the sun.

Occurring in March in the northern hemisphere, the earth's tilt is neither inclined towards or away from the sun.

HOT (tropic / equatorial region)

in between 23 1/2 and 66 1/2 on both north and south sides

• COLD (arctic and antarctic region)
• Lack of sun for period of sun
• Receive oblique rays of the sun - no direct rays

• Angular distance (0d to 180d) east or west as measured from the PRIME MERIDIAN (0d) that passes through the Greenwich Observatory in suburban London, England.  For much of its length across the mid-Pacific Ocean, the 180th meridian functions as the international date line.
• Not parallel!

An imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean roughly corresponding to 180° longitude, to the east of which, by international agreement, the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.

• 5 miles - poles
• 11 miles - equatormost of the oxygen molecules
• 90% oxygen below 18<000 feet
• 10,000 elevation/altitude
• weather takes placewater / water vapor
• Every 1000 foot rise in elevation there is a 3.3 degree drop

• out to 50 miles
• less oxygen
• less water vapor
• little friction (airplanes fly as close to here as possible)

A prevailing wind in equatorial area

PREVAILING WIND: Winds that blow steadily from east to west and toward the equator. The trade winds are caused by hot air rising at the equator, with cool air moving in to take its place from the north and from the south. The winds are deflected westward because of the Earth's west-to-east rotation.

Little wind flow so ships had to eat their horses on board.  Other ships would see horse carcasses floating around in the water

The Westerlies, anti-trades, or Prevailing Westerlies, are prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude, blowing from the high pressure area in the horse latitudes towards the poles.

• can be up to 400 miles in diameter
• eye = 5-30 miles in diameter
• CAT. 1 = 74-95 mph
• CAT. 5 > 155 mph
• 3 problems
• wind damagerains galore
• can stop for up to a day at a time
• move slowly until they hit land
• Wave surge (aka tidal surge)
• can strike other places than America

Name for hurricanes in western pacific

Name for hurricanes in Indian oceans

Name for hurricanes in Australia

• West Wind Drift or North Atlantic
• An Ocean current

A prevailing wind that is in the Northern hemisphere - curves to the right (everything! airplanes, warheads, wind)

• The rate of decrease of atmospheric temperature with increase in altitude.
• 3.3 degrees for every 1000 feet

• A barrier (EX: mountain range) blocks wind flow and prevents precipitation
• windward side = raining side
• leeward side = dry side - rain shadow
• Warm air holds more moisture than cold air
• Cold air holds less moisture

• 20,000-40,000 ft. altitude
• 4 sets of jet streams
• 2 in north
• 2 in south
• always west to east
• up to 450 mph
• summer - 50 mph
• winter - 100 mph
• up to 3000-7000 feet thick
• up to 300 miles wide->allows hot air to flow north, cold air to flow south->low pressure centers ride the jets from west to east
• low pressure centers cause rain and storms
• high pressure centers bring clear skies and no rain

Short wave radiation waves from sun get in and heats objects, objects radiate long wave radiation which cannot escape

• 12-3 miles
• blocks ultra violet rays from sun
• Skin cancer

periods of retreat of ice

• Humid editorial (wet and hot)
• 25% of land area of the earth
• 28% of population
• fastest growing population area in the world

• 28% percent of land area
• only 6% of world's population lives here

• middle latitude climates
• you have a change of seasons
• marine climates
• more effected by the ocean and seas than the land
• don't have extreme winters
• 55% of population

• not a jungle
• poor soil because of rain

• grassland
• rainfall 40-60 inches
• 6 months or more of drought
• W = winter dry season
• grass is not nutritious

• BWH - desert arid (hot)
• Less than 10 inches of rainfall per year

BS Grassland

• CFA (Georgia)
• humid subtropical
• wet climate
• long hot summer
• mild winter

• CSA
• Mediterranean climate
• southern California
• central Chile