Soundness of body and mind: a state of physical, emotional, and social well-being.
Or complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Chronic diseases, in contrast to acute illnesses,
Leading cause of death has shifted from acute illnesses to chronic diseases
Chronic lasts more than 3 months (is also persistent) acute is short
At this time, the leading cause of death in the United States is
Cardiovascular disease
Health psychology is best defined as the scientific study of behaviors related to
illness, injury, health, recovery, and impact of each human life
Definition: The study of how biological, psychological, and social factors interact and influence people's biological, psychological, and sociocultural health
Which represents a major change in the field of health during the past century in the United States
The leading cause of injury and death is more closely related to prevention
The biomedical model of health
taking care of acute illnesses,
led to a search for microorganisms that cause disease,
is a narrow perspective; when someone is ill or is injured only their physical self is affected and must be treated.
Should always consider the interacting roles of biological, psychological, and social factors in assessing an individual’s health or illness;
Maintains recommendations for treatment mustw also involve all three set of factors;
makes explicit the significant of the relationship between patient and practitioner
In the United States, young people (15-24) have low mortality rates, but those who die are most like to die from
Unintentional injuries
Psychological systems include
thinking (cognitions)
emotions (affect)
behavior itself
The term cognition referes to
what people believe
the act or process of knowing
The research field that investigates national or global diseases is called
Reliability of any measurement instrument, such as a scale, means the instrument is
Research has found that the likelihood of developing cancer increases with the number of years people have smoked. This finding
An investigator measures blood pressure in a group of college students and then repeats these measures every year for 20 years. This is an example of
Longitudinal study
To conclude that a medical treatment cures or improves a disease, an experiment must compare the disease in a group given the treatment to a group given
A placebo
Nothing
In experiments when neither researchers nor subjects know which group received the experimental treatment and which received a placebo, the research design is called a ________ study.
Double blind study
A study that begins with a group of participants already suffering from cardiovascular disease and then looks into past eating and exercise behaviors for ideas about what caused their disease is
called
Data
Assuring a possible research participant of confidentiality means
In the United States most of the leading causes of premature death are due to
Lifestyle choices
The major cause of illness is
Lifestyle choices (behavior)
A pathogen is
Microorganism capable of producing illness or disease
Mary is overweight and has high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Her parents are long-lived so she thinks she is not at risk for cardiovascular disease. Marian has no intention of changing her lifestyle. According to the transtheoretical model or stages of change theory,
Marian is in the ________ stage of change.
Pre-contemplation
In the precaution adoption process model of health behavior, people are at risk of illness or injury, but think the risk factors do not apply to them personally. This attitude is called
Optimistic bias
In health psychology the word "interventions" is used to indicate
an organized effort to help people change or modify their behavior
The majority of premature deaths in the United States can be traced to
Lifestyle choices (and biological)
Encouraging women to do monthly breat self-exams or men to check on a monthly basis for masses or tumors in their testicles is an example of
Secondary prevention
When people stop a healthy behavior change and return to their former risky behavior is referred to as
Relapse
Scientific studies indicate that regular physical activity improves ______ health
Biological (know alot of choices)
reduces risk of premature death,
lowers resting blood pressure,
improves insulin resistance and cholesterol ratios, reduces body fat,
and strengthens
bones
The type of exercise that contributes most to cardio respiratory fitness is
Exercise that gets your heart beat up and gets you breathing more rapidly for an extend period of time
Exercise
that gets your heart beat up and gets you breathing more rapidly for an extend
period of time
Strength training enhances
-Maintains physical strength so you can continue to do what you want to do in your life
-Uses calories and stored fat and improves the appearance of your body
-Improves posture and body stance (so people look younger, less fatigued, and more alert)
Studies of the effects of exercise on depressed patients have generally found that exercise
Aerobic exercise seems better than no treatment and the benefits are not significantly different from other interventions
Relieves anxiety
The most frequent reason given by people about why they do not exercise is
lack of time
The benefits of regular aerobic exercise include
Relieve anxiety,
The doctor told Maria she needed to reduce her weight. If she begins an aerobic exercise program, she will probably
Feel better about herself, lose a little weight here and there and feel less anxiety
A biopsychosocial analysis of unhealthy weight gain indicates that more people are obese than ever before in history and the major reason is
poor eating habits?
After several months of exercising on a regular basis people often find they
Plateau
The major cause of people giving up their exercise program is
no quick results
Find the true statement about strength training
You don't have to have special equipment
Some ways to avoid relapse in healthful eating practices is
avoid it in the future or realizing what went wrong and how you can improve from it
Based on class discussion, if a friend asks you how they can tell if they are losing “weight” or not, you might suggest they
Ask someone who they have not seen in a while or see if their clothes feel looser
Researches have suggested several reasons why obesity has increased in the United States over the past two decades, it is likely that people are
Living sedentary lives, being lazy, have machines that do work for us
From the viewpoint of this course the major reason for adults to change their behaviors related to nutrition, exercise, and weight control is to maintain or improve their
Health
When our behavior is permanently changed the stage is referred to as
Termination
A function of protein is to promote growth and repair of the body. Sources of protein in the diet are
Animal protein
Fruits and nuts
Most of our calories or energy should come from
Fats or lipids
**Proteins and carbohydrates
Food like grains and vegetables containing fiber belongs to the class of nutrients known as
Our eating patterns should represent a balance among the major nutrients. Dietary recommendations include percentages of daily caloric intake from
About 45-65% calories from carbohydrates
20-35% of calories from fats
10-35% of calories from protein
Variety: eating foods that contain protein, carbohydrates, fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals
Probably the most important reason for obesity today in North America is
lack of exercise and eating unhealthy such as fast food.
In class: she said remember industrialized revolution and why athletes weigh more but aren’t obese
An important aspect of behavior modification used to for weight control planning is
Desire for change,
Balanced diet with moderate calorie restricion,
Adequate exercise,
Cognitive behavior change strategies,
and Self acceptance
Adequacy refers to taking in a sufficient number of calories to make it possible to
