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List 6 duties of an equine RVT
- 1. Assists in Diagnosis and Treatment of a) respiratory Diseases; b) Digestive Disease (colic); c) Lameness and d) Reproductive Diseases
- 2. Assist with pre and post surgery care in the clinic and field;
- 3. Assist with pre-breeding (mare & stallion) exams
- 4. Coggins testing (EIA)
- 5. Herd Health Work a) Vaccinations; b) deworming/pasture management; c) Sanitation/ventilation; d) Neonatal care; and e) Nutrition; and
- 6. Research
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What Light Horse is protected by the Bureau of Land Management?
American Mustang
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Name 12 Light Horse Breeds (<1300lbs)
- 1. American Mustang
- 2. American Saddlebred
- 3. Andalusian
- 4. Appaloosa
- 5. Arabian
- 6. American Quarter Horse
- 7. Standardbred
- 8. Thoroughbred
- 9. Morgan Horse
- 10. Tennessee Walking Horse
- 11. Lipizzaner
- 12. Paso Fino/Peruvian Paso
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What Light Horse was bred as purebreds by King Solomon since 1600 B.C.
Arabian
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What Light horse is used in ranch work because they inherited "cow sense"?
American Quarter Horse
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What Light Horse is an Austrian breed developed in 1585?
Lipizzaner
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List 5 Draft Horse Breeds
- 1. Belgian
- 2. Clydesdale
- 3. Percheron
- 4. Shire
- 5. Suffolk Pu7nch
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What Draft Horse breed originated in France in the 1600's and is the only draft horse with Arabian influence?
Percheron
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What Draft Horse breed originated in Scotland and the growth of long hair called "feathers on the back of the cannon bones?
Clydesdale
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What Draft Horse breed was developed in England and is the largest draft horse (up to 18 hands)
Shire
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What Draft Horse breed was developed in England in 1506 A.D. - It is the only draft breed that breeds completely true color Chestnut?
Suffolk Punch
-
List the 4 Pony Breeds
- 1. Hackney
- 2. Pony of the Americas
- 3. Shetland
- 4. Welsh
-
What pony breed originated in Iowa and what is it a cross between?
- Pony of the Americas
- Cross bet Shetland and Appaloosa
-
The Pony Breed Shetland was bred for what type of work?
mining work
-
What Pony Breed originated in Wales and is popular as children's mounts?
Welsh
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What other breed dates back to Northern Africa 6000 B.C.?
Donkey/Burro
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Male Donkey =
Female Donkey=
A stallion bred with a donkey produces =
Cross bet a Mare and a Male donkey =
- Male Donkey = Jack
- Female Donkey= Jenny
- A stallion bred with a donkey produces = Hinny
- Cross bet a Mare and a Male donkey = Mule
-
2 cross breeds that are considered sterile?
-
American Miniature is a _______ not a ______. They were developed by _________.
-
What breed was brought to America by the Spanish in 1530's? They can be any type except Quarter Horse
Pinto
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A horse that is any color with white. Must be Quarter Horse origin.
Paint
-
Name 3 color of horses that are rare
White, Black & Grullo
-
-
Common characteristic of Bays are
Dorsal line and zebra stripe
-
Eruption Times
Deciduous Teeth =
Permanent Teeth =
Cups (lower) =
Cups (upper)=
Full Set of Permanent Teeth=
Wolf Teeth =
7 yr notch =
Galvayne's groove =
- Deciduous Teeth = 8 days, 8 wks, 8 mos. - Incisors
- Permanent Teeth = 2 1/2 yrs (I1), 3 1/2 yrs (I2), 4 1/2 yrs (I3) - Incisors
- Cups (lower) = 6 yrs (I1), 7 yrs (I2), 8 yrs (I3)
- Cups (upper)= 7 yrs (I1), 8 yrs (I2), 9 yrs (I3)
- 5 yrs
- Wolf Teeth = 5-7 yrs
- 7 yr notch = I3 upper
- Galvayne's groove = 10-30 yrs I3 upper
-
Eohippus (______) ______ years ago
a. ______ tall
b. ______ on front feet - used for walking on bogs
c. ______ on hind feet
d. Teeth were ______
e. ______ not ______, lived in the ______.
- Dawn Horse
- 55 million
- 10-20"
- 4 toes
- 3 toes
- simple crowns
- Browser; grazer; forest
-
Mesohippus (_______) _______ years ago
a. _______ tall
b. Each foot had _______, _______ was the largest
c. Type of eater
d. Teeth grew bigger.
- Middle horse; 35 million
- 20 inches
- three toes; middle toe
- Browser
-
Merychippus (_____) _____ years ago
a. _____ tall
b. _____ larger, ended in _____, and bore all the _____.
c. Time of mountain development, thinning of the forests.
d. Horse started _____, teeth developed _____ and good _____ for grinding course grasses.
- Grass eater; 26 million
- 40 inches
- Middle toes; hoof; weight
- grazing; high crowns; cementum
-
Pliohippus (______) ______ years ago
a. Taller - equivalent to horses today.
b. ______ became bones on side of legs. (______)
c. Teeth changed to adapt to ______.
d. Eyes wider for ______.
- One-toed grazer; 2-3 million
- horses today;
- Sides toes; Splint bones
- eating grass
- better vision
-
Equus (______)
a. ______ has terminated into a ______.
b. Teeth high ______, will keep on growing throughout horses' life.
- True Horse
- Middle toe; stout hoof
- crowned
-
List the three groups of undomesticated species.
- 1. The zebra of Africa
- 2. the wild ass of Africa and Asia and
- 3. the Przewalski's horse.
-
Equus was plentiful in the Americas until the ______ era when they died out. As evolution occurred the horse reduced to one toe, which is actually the _______. Toes ______ are missing, and ______ are what we call the ______.
- Pliestocene
- third toe
- one and five
- two and four
- "splint" bones
-
What were horses were used for by prehistoric man.
food source
-
Horses became domesticated during the ______. Domestic horses were introduced into ______ in about ______ and into ______ about ______. These Egyptian and Babylonian horses were the forerunners of the swift ______ breeds of the Middle East.
- Bronze Age
- Babylonia; 2000 BC
- Egypt; 300 years later
- Arabian
-
2 early ancestors of the modern draft horse
- Arabians
- prototype of the modern pony
-
The first domestic horses introduced into the Americas were brought by the _________ in the _______. The ancestors of the these horses are the _______ found in the western United States.
- Spanish conquistadores
- 16th century
- Mustangs
-
What Greek historian, soldier and essayist is considered by many to be the father of horsemanship? His essays from _______ are still the foundation of modern horsemanship. When and who introduced horseback riding throughout the Middle East?
- Xenophon
- 400 BC
- 6th century
- Muslim missionaries
-
Systematic attempts to improve breeds of horses did not take place until the _____ when _____ stallions were imported to _______.
- 17th century
- Arabian
- England
-
The Thoroughbred was developed from what three foundation sires?
- the Byerly Turk
- the Darley Arabian, and
- the Godolphin Barb or Arabian - which were bred with native English mares.
-
The British Stud Book was established in ____. The American Stud began in ____.
-
In ____, Smithfield Track, the first public racecourse built since Roman times was constructed in ____. In ____ the first track in North America was built on ____. In ____ the Jockey Club was incorporated in ________.
- 1174
- London
- 1665; Long Island
- 1894; New York City
-
What caused the equine population to decline in numbers and what ensures that the species will endure?
the development of mechanical transportation enthusiast have ensured that the species will endure.
-
Describe:
Snip
Star
Stripe
Blaze
White underlip
Bold, Bald, or Apron face
Coronet
- Snip - marking on horses nose, usually found between the nostrils.
- Star - Any shape found on forehead
- Stripe - white line down the face
- Blaze - white band down the horses face
- White underlip - white on underlip
- Bold, Bald, or Apron face - White from forehead to muzzle, extends around the eyes & often covers entire front of the face.
- Coronet - white around the coronary band
-
Describe:
Pastern
Fetlock
Half-Stocking
3/4 Stocking
Full Stocking
- Pastern - white from hoof to the pastern joint
- Fetlock - white from hoof to fetlock joint
- Half-Stocking - white from hoof and going 1/2 way to carpus.
- 3/4 Stocking - white from the hoof to 3/4 way to carpus.
- Full Stocking - white all the way up to the carpus.
-
What is our holding stall called?
Standing Stock
-
Mouth speculum for horse is called
Guenther
-
What is the 1st reaction a horse has when faced with an unfamiliar situation?
Fight or Flight
-
What type of restraint can you use when the horse is moving around too much in the standing stock?
Rump rope
-
What kind of equipment is used to exercise or to watch the horse's gait?
Lunge line
-
Where is the blind spot(s) for a horse?
Directly in front or directly behind the horse
-
Best place to approach a horse
Left shoulder
-
What 3 things should be considered when determining housing and facilities?
-
3 types of fencing?
- Smooth wire cable
- Mesh wire
- Wood
-
What mechanical restraint can be used if you get extra resistance or want better control?
How is it applied?
How long does the effect last?
- Lip chain
- a) Thru cheek ring, chin ring and then thru other cheek ring b) over the nose c)in the mouth between the teeth
- 5 mins
-
If the horse is in the stock and there is an emergency condition what do you do?
Remove all 4 doors
-
What are 4 mechanical restraints of the body?
- 1. Stocks
- 2. Side Line or Scotch Hobble
- 3. Front Leg Tie
- 4. Breeding hobbles
-
6 ways to restrain using pain distraction
- 1. Chain Twitch
- 2. Rope Twitch
- 3. Humane Twitch
- 4. Hand Twitch
- 5. War Bridles
- 6. Skin Twitch
-
How do you restrain a foal? List one type of restraint that should NEVER be used.
- Corner it in a stall
- Hold with arm around the chest & raise the tail over the back
- Never flank a foal like a calf
-
List 4 chemical restraints
- 1. Xylazine - brand name Rompun
- 2. Torbugesic (Butophanal Tartrate)
- 3. Acepromazine Maleate
- 4. Dormasedan
-
What drug will result in the horse going to the ground?
Ketamine
-
What is the best location of the horse for injections?
Neck
-
List 4 injection locations for the horse
- 1. Triangle of the Neck
- 2. Gluteal Muscle
- 3. Pectoral muscle
- 4. Semimembranosus/Semitendonosus Muscle
-
Name the bones in the:
Proximal row of the carpus
Distal row of the carpus
- radial, intermediate, ulnar and accessory
- 1, 2, 3, 4
-
The hock is also known as the
-
List 3 characteristics an Appaloosa MUST have
- 1. Mottled skin
- 2. Striped hooves
- 3. White sclera
-
List 4 horses that originated in the US
- Appaloosa
- American Quarter Horse
- American Saddlebred (KY)
- Tennessee Walking Horse
-
List 3 horses that originated in England
- Thoroughbred
- Shire
- Suffolk Punch
-
List 3 horses that originated in Spain
- Paso Fino
- Pervuvian Paso
- Andalusian
-
List unique characteristics of the Arabian
- Dish face/flat back/hifg tail carriage
- 1 less vertebrae
- High temperment
- Endurance
-
What is the gait of a Tennessee Walking horse called?
Running walk
-
Describe
Red Roan
Strawberry Roan
Blue Roan
- Red Roan - White hairs with bay base color
- Strawberry Roan - White hairs with Chestnut base color
- Blue Roan - White hairs with black base color
-
Which horse originated in the US buy Nez Perce' Native Americans?
Appaloosa
-
What is a unique characteristic of the Lippizzaner?
Born black but develop white coat with age.
-
Two early horses that were browsers
What was the the 1st grass eater?
- Eohippus; Mesohippus
- Merychippus
-
Callous growths on the medial sides of horses legs
Chestnut
-
What teeth do owners typically pull?
Wolf teeth
-
Describe the shape of the teeth in older horses verses younger horses
Younger horses have a more rounded appearance. As the horse ages the teeth take on a more triangular shape.
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