Pharmacology Key Words terms

general term for undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect.

drug that binds to a receptor and activates a physiologic response or drug action

drug that binds to a receptor and interferes with other drugs or substances from producing a drug effect

name that defines the chemical composition of a drug

situations or conditions when a certain drug should not be administered

drug that has the potential for abuse and thus is regulated by law

a measurement of the amount of drug that is administered

chemical substance that produces a change in body function

intended or indcated uses for any drug

dose that will produce an effect that is half of the maximal response

nonproprietary name of the drug

letahl dose 50, or dose that will kill 50 percent of the laboratory animals tested.

explanation of how a drug produces its effects.

drug that can be purcharsed without the services of a physician

study of drugs

measure of the strength, or concencentration , of a drug required to produce a specific effect

drug for which dispensiing requires a written or phone order that can be issued by or under the direction of a licensed physician

specific cellular structure that a drug binds to and that produces a physiologic effect

drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually undesirable but not harmful

location within the body where a drug exerts its therapeutic effect, often a specific drug receptor

desired drug effect to alleviate some condition or symptom of disease

ratio of the LD50 to the ED50 in animal studies

undesirable drug effect that implies drug poisoning; can be harmful or life-threatening

patented proprietary name of a drug sold by a specific drug manufacturer; also referred to as the brand name

percentage of drug dosage that is absorbed

entrance of a drug into the bloodstream from its site of administration

condition of drug abuse and drug dependence that is characterized by compulsive drug behavior

condition of reliance on the use of a particular drug, characterized as physical and/or psychological dependence

passage of a drug from the blood to teh tissues and organs of the body

elimination of the drug from the body

the enzymatic biotransformation of a drug into metabolites

group of enzymes located primarily in the liver that function to metabolize (biotransformation) drugs

decreased drug effect occurring after repeated drug administration

increase in the amount of drug-metabolizing enzymes after repeated administration of certain drugs

inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes by certain drugs

drug metabolism that occurs in the intestines and liver during oral absorption of drugs into the systemic circulation

time required for the body to reduce the amount of drug in the plasma by one-half

difference in the effects of drugs and drug dosages from one person to another

route of drug administration; drug is injected into gluteal or deltoid muscles

route of drug administration; drug is injected directly into a vein

initial drug dose administered to rapidly achieve therapeutic drug concentrations

dose administered to maintain drug blood levels in the therapeutic range

route of drug administration by way of the mouth through swallowing

route of drug administration that does not involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

describes the processes of drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, and drug excretion

neurotransmitter of parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerves; stimulates the cholinergic receptor

receptor located on internal organs that responds to norepinephrine and epinephrine

transmits sensory information from peripheral organs to the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)

system of nerves that innervate smooth and cardiac muscle (involuntary) of the internal organs and glands

receptor located on internal organs and glands that responds to acetylcholine

carries the appropriate motor response from the brain and spinal cord to the peripheral organs

hormone from adrenal medulla that stimulates adrenergic receptors, especially during stress

response of the body to intense stress; caused by activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS

normal state of balance among the body's internal organs

substance that stimulates internal organs to produce characteristic changes associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

neurotransmitter of sympathetic (adrenergic) nerves that stimulates the adrenergic receptors

refers to nerves of the ANS that originate in the brain and sacral portion of the spinal cord; they are active when the body is at rest or trying to restore body energy and function

refers to nerves of the ANS that originate form the thorocolumbar portion of the spinal cord; they are active when the body is under stress or when it is exerting energy

drug that acts at the neuronal nerve endings to reduce the formation or release of NE

drug that stimulates the alpha adrenergic receptors

drug that blocks the alpha-1 effects of NE and EPI

receptor located on smooth muscle that reduces the release of NE

receptor located on the heart that increases heart rate and force of contraction

receptor located on smooth muscle that relaxes smooth muscle when stimulated

refers to norepinephrine, epinephrine, and other sympathomimetic compounds that possess the catechol structure

substance formed in nerve endings that mimics and interferes with the action of the normal neurotransmitter

drug that blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors

drug that stimulates both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors

drug that blocks only beta-1 receptors

drug that stimulates only beta 2 receptors at therapeutic doses

refers to the action of an adrenergic blocking drug or an action that decreases sympathetic activity

refers to the action of an adrenergic drug or an action that increases sympathetic activity

an enzyme that inactivates acteylcholine

refers to drugs or effects that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

refers to the nerves and receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system; also refers to the drugs that stimulate this system

an older but more specific term for the cholinergic receptor on smooth and cardiac muscle

cholinergic receptor located at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

cholinergic receptor located on both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

refers to drugs (anticholinergic) that decreases activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

refers to drugs (cholinergic) that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system