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the body's framework constructed of cartilage and bone
skeleton
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those bones that lie around the body's center of gravity
axial skeleton
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bones of the limbs or appendages
appendicular skeleton
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covers the bone ends at movable joints
articular cartilage
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found connecting the ribs to the sternum
costal cartilage
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largely construct the larynx (voice box)
laryngeal cartilage
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reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system
tracheal and bronchial cartilage
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support the external nose
nasal cartilage
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separate and cushion bones of the spine
intervertebral cartilage
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provides a system of levers with which the skeletal muscles can work to move the body
skeleton
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cartilage is surrounded by a covering of dense connective tissue
perichondrium
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provides sturdy support with some resilience or give
hyaline cartilage
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is much more flexible that hyaline and it tolerates repeated bending better
elastic cartilage
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consists of rows of chondrocytes alternating with rows of thick collagen fibers, great tensile strength and can withstand heavy compression
fibrocartilage
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mostly in skeletal cartilage
hylaine
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external ear and epiglottis
elastic
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intervertebral discs and knee joint
fibrocartilage
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looks smooth and homogeneous
compact bone
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is composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of open spaces
spongy bone
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longer than they are wide, generally consisting of a shaft wih heads at either end
long bones
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femur, humerus, tibia, phalanges
long bones
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typically cube shaped and they contain more spongy bone than compact bone
short bones
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tarsals and carpals
short bones
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generally thin with two waferlike layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone
flat bones
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any of the bones that have an odd shape
irregular bones
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vertebrea, coxal
irregular bones
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special types of short bones formed in tendons
sesamoid bones
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tiny bones between cranial bones
sutural bones
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the shaft of a bone
diaphysis
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fibrous membrane covering, to view the bone surface
periosteum
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many fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone
perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
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bone-forming cells
osteoblasts
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bone-destroying cells
oscteoclasts
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end of the long bone, composed of thin layer of compact bone which encloses spongy bone
epipysis
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covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum, provides a smooth surface to minimize friction at joints
articular cartilage
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a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudinal growth of the bone during youth
epiphyseal plate
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once long bone is stopped growing these areas are replaced with bone and appear as thin
epiphyseal lines
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a storage region for adipose tissue
yellow marrow
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involves forming blood cells found in marrow cavities
red marrow
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lining the shaft, also cover the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals of compact bone
endosteum
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