Professionalism ADN 150 Exam 1

Comes from the latin word nutrix-to nourish

nursing is both an art and a science

• ANA-social policy statement
• -a contract b/t a client and a nurse

client is the central focus of all definitions

• Founder of modern nursing
• est first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration
• firs practicing nurse epidemiologist
• first nurse researcher
• organized first school of nursing
• nursing is distinct from medicine

• 1. rising cost of healthcare
• -nurse's responsibility to privde high quality healthcare in an efficient and economically sound manner
• --> by prioritizing, educating patients, organizing time
• 2. evidence based practice
• -consumers are more informed and expect more
• -nurse provide safe, effective care using evidence based practice

• extended education and basic liberal foundation
• theoretical body of knowledge
• provides a specific service
• members have autonomy
• profession has a code of ethics for practice

• practice in many different settings
• develop a specific body of knowledge
• conduct and publish nursing research
• recognize role in promoting health
• use nursing knowledge as base for nursing practice

• caregiver
• advocate
• educator
• communicator
• manager

• clinical nurse specialist
• nurse practitioner
• nurse anesthetist
• nurse midwife

• nurse administrator
• nurse researcher
• nurse entrepreneur
• nurse educator

• 1. Novice
• 2. Advanced beginner
• 3. competent (3yrs of experience needed!)
• 4. proficient
• 5. expert

• define legal scope of nursing practice
• exclude untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing
• create a state board of nursing
• make and enforce rules and regulationsdefine important terms and activities in nursing
• provide legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
• Establish criteria for education and licensure of nurses

• obtaining and maintaining specific knowledge and skills
• to provide care and comfort
• emphasize health promotion and illness prevention

• a perspective to view client situations
• a way to organize data
• a method to analyze and interpret information

to explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology, and other health care disciplines

• 1. ask the clinical question
• 2. collect the best evidence
• 3. critique the evidence
• 4. integrate the evidence
• 5. evaluate the practice decision or change
• 6. share the outcomes of EBP changes with others

• Goal of nursing is to help a person adapt to change
• -need for nursing care arises when a person cannot adapt to environmental demands
• -views the client as an adaptive system

• meeting basic physiological needs
• developing a positive self concept
• performing social roles
• achieving a balance between dependence and independence

• Nurse-client relationship
• nursing is therapeutic
• fundamental to psychiatric nursing

Autonomy: refers to a person's independence, right to determine course of action, keeps the client in charge of their health decisions

Beneficence: "do good" for the client over self

Nonmaleficence: "do no harm"-no abuse, only competent actions

Fidelity: agreement to keep promises, faithfulness

Justice: fairness

Veracity: truthfulness

accountability, responsibility, advocacy, confidentiality, and veracity

• 1. Is this an ethical dilemma?
• 2. Gather all data
• 3. explore your own values or beliefs
• 4. verbalize your problem
• 5. list potential solutions, courses of action
• 6. negotiate the outcome
• 7. evaluate the action

• 1. Ethics committee
• 2. Multidisciplinary committees
• 3. The processing of ethical dilemmas

• reducing health care cost while maintaining quality
• improving access and coverage for more people
• encouraging healthy behaviors
• earlier hospital discharges result in more clients needing extended care

• Preventivive
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Restorative
• Continueing

• assess health status
• identifies health problems
• develops, coordinates and implements a specialized plan of care for each patient

created to review the quality, quantity and cost of hospital care provided through medicare and medicaid

review admissions, diagnostic testing, and treatments provided by physicians who cared for client receiving medicare

medicare and medicaid

national health insurance program for adults over 65

• Part A: provides insurance toward hospitalization, home care, and hospice care
• Part B: voluntary, provides partial coverage of outpatient and physician services
• Part D: voluntary prescription drug plan

Most pay monthly premium for parts B and D

federal public assistance program paid out of general taxes to people who require financial assitance

• federal program that provides insurance for children
• coverage includes visits to primary health care providers, prescription medicines and hospitilization

• consists of a group of providers and perhaps a health care agency
• provides an insurance company or employer with a health service at a discounted rate
• provides clients with a choice of health care providers and services
• tends to be slightly more expensive than HMO plan

• provides health maintenance and treatment services to voluntary enrollees
• fee is set without regard to the amount ot kind of service
• emphasizes client wellness
• clients limited in ability to select health care providers and services
• available services at reduced and predetermined cost to the client

• stay informed about current issues and legislation
• write members of congress to support legislation to improve nursing care
• belong to nursing organizations
• document the outcomes of nursing care
• be a leader in nursing and consumer groups
• advocate for the right of all for healthcare

• To demonstrate quality and safety
• to evaluate performance, identify problems, and develop solutions
• must be accredited to receive federal funding

• increase life expectancy and quality of life
• to eliminate health disparities through improved deliver of health care services

• immigrants
• poor and homeless
• abused
• substance abusers
• mentally ill
• older adults

• client and family
• heath care professionals from various disciplines
• client goals are to reach maximum independence and health status

• knowledgeable and skilled in their practice
• able to make decisions independently
• able to remain accountable

Hospice: comprehensive and coordinated care for people with limited life expectancy

Palliative care: prevents and relieves suffering by early assessment and treatment of pain and other physical, psycho-social, and spiritual needs

Bereavement care: continuation of care for the family following the death of a client

• managed health care
• case management
• primary healthcare

• controls cost of care while maintaining wuality of care
• manager of "gatekeeper" plans and monitors the care
• limits choice of care providers
• required approval for specialty care

• coordinator of care
• controls cost
• improves access to healthcare
• continuity