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Identify the following landmarks of the Ulna: Head, Shaft, Trochlear Notch, Radial Notch, Olecranan Process, Coronoid Process, Supinator Fossa, Ilnar Tuberosity, Styloid Process
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Identify the following landmarks of the Radius: Head, Neck, Radial Tuberosity, Ulnar notch, Styloid Process
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What structures divided the arm into posterior and anterior compartments?
The brachial fascia is continous with the antebrachial fascia, it is also continues with the axillary fascia. This fascia gives rise to lateral and medial intermuscular septa which divide the arm.
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Relative to the medial intramuscular septa, where does the ulnar nerve lie? the median n? the basilic v.? the brachial a.? the coracobrachialis? What about the radial n.?
The ulnar n. is anterior to the medial intramuscualr septum, and posterior to the medail n. the basilic and brachial are all anterior to the medial intramuscular septum. Teh Radial n. is lateral to the intramuscualr septum, on the otehr side of the humerus. It is anterior to the lateral intramuscular septum.
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How many muscles in the anterior compartment? What about the posterior compartment?
- Anterior-3 (Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis)
- Posterior-1 (Triceps brachii)
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Biceps Brachii OINA
- O: Long Head-Supraglenoid tubercle, tendon runs through the intertubercular grooove. The long head also attaches to the labrum. Short Head-Coracoid process of Scapula
- I: Biceps tendon into the radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
- N: Musculocutaneous n.
- A: Flexes and supinates the forearem. Also helps to stabilize the head of the humersus in the glenoid fossa.
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Coracobrachialis OINA
- O: Coracoid process of the scapula
- I: Middle third of the medial side of the humerus
- N: Musculocutaneous
- A: Flexion and adduction of the arm
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Brachialis OINA
- O: Distal half of the anterior surface of humerus
- I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
- N: Musculocutaneous
- A: Flexes the forearm
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Tricheps Brachii OINA
- O: Long Head-Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Short Head-Posterior sureface of the humerus, inferior to the spiral groove
- Lateral Head-Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the spinal groove
- I: Olecranon process
- N: Radial n.
- A: Extends Forearm
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Anconeus OINA
- O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- I: Lateral surface of teh Olecranon process and posterior surface of the ulna
- N: Radial n.
- A: Extension of the forearm
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Which n. supplies the anterior brachium?
The Musculocutaneous (Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)
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Which n. supplies the posterior brachium?
- The Radial n. (Triceps brachii and anconeus)
- It also continues down the arm innervating other muscles.
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How does the posterior brachium receive blood?
The brachial artery gives rise to the profunda brachii artery, which travels with the radial nerve to the posterior brachuim. These can be seen in the triangular interval. They are accompanied by two brachial veins.
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Which vein runs on the anterior lateral surface of the biceps? Where does it drain?
The cephalic vein. It runs along the deltopectoral trough and drains into the axillary vein near the deltopectoral triangle.
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Which vein runs along the inferior, medial surface? Where does it drain?
The basilic. It doesn't really drain, it enters the deep brachial fascia mid way up the arm and becomes the axillary vein.
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What does the median cubiral vein do?
It communicates between the cephalic and basilic vein in the cubital fossa.
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What are the boundries of the cubital fossa?
- Superior: Imaginary line betweein the epicondyles of the humerus.
- Lateral: brachialradialis
- Medial: Pronator Teres
- Floor: Medial-brachialis Lateral-supinator
- Roof: Cubital fascia
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What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
- Superficial later: Basilic Vein, Cephalic vein, Median cubital vein, bicipital aponeurosis
- Deep Layer: Tendon fo the biceps brachii (Lateral), Brachial artery, Median n. (Medial)
- The radial and ulnar n. are close by.
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Supinator OINA
- O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
- I: Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius
- N: Deep branch of radial n.
- A: Supinates the forearm
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Brachioradialis OINA
- O: Proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- I: Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius
- N: Radial n.
- A: Flexes the forearm
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Which are the superficial muscles of the forearm?
- Pronator Teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris Longus
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Which are the deep muscles of the forearm?
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator Quadratus
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Pronator Teres OINA
- O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
- I: Middle of the lateral surface of the radius
- N: Median
- A: Pronates and flexes the forearm
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Flexor Carpi Radialis OINA
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
- I: Base of the second metacarpal bone
- N: Median NerveA: Flexes and Radial deviates the hand
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Palmaris Longus OINA
- O: Medial epicondyl of humerus
- I: Flexor retinaculum of palmar aponeurosis
- N: Median n.
- A: Flexes hand
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Flexor digitorum superficialis OINa
- O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, corocoid process of the ulna and the anterior border of the radius
- I: bodies of the middle phalanges on the medial 4 digits
- N: Median n.
- A: Flexes the middle phalanges of the medial 4 digits, the proximal phalanges of the hand
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Flexor carpi ulnaris OINA
- O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon and ulna
- I: Psisform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal
- N: Ulnar n.
- A: Flexes hand, ulnar deviates the hand
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Flexor digitorun profundus
- O: Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane
- I: Base of the distal phalanges of the medial four digits
- N: Medial part-Ulnar, Lateral part-Median
- A: Flexes the distal phalanges of the medial for digits
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Flexor Pollicis Longus OINA
- O: Anteriro surface of the radius and interosseous membrane
- I: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
- N: Anterior Interosseous n.
- A: Flexes phalanges of the thumb
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Pronator Quadratus OINA
- O: Distal, anterior surface of ulna
- I: Distal, anterior surface of the radius
- N: Anterior Interosseous n.
- A: Pronates the forearm
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Where does the median n. enter the forearm?
Via the cubital fossa. It then travels along the lateal aspect of the anterior forearm.
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Which n. branches off of the median n.?
The anterior interosseous n. It runs deep to the superficial muscles of the forearm. It innervates the deep muscles of the forearm.
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Where does the ulnar n. enter the fore arm?
- It passes posterior to the medial epicondyle and enters medial to the flexor carpi ulnaris. It runs through the sulcus for the ulnar n.
- It dives deep and runs with the ulnar artery to the wrist.
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Where does the radial n. enter the forearm?
It passes anteriorly over the lateral epicondyle of the humerous.
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What happens to the radial n. when it enters the forearm?
It divides into the suprficial (sensory) and deep (motor and joint innervation) branches.
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What happens to the brachial a. at the inferior aspect of the cubital fossa?
It divides into the radial a. and ulnar a.
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Where does the radial artery run?
It runs along the lateral aspect of the forearm. It is a common site for measuring pulse. It terminates in the hand as part of the palmar arch.
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What branches off of the radial a.?
The radial recurrent a. It ascends the arm to anastomoses with the radial collateral artery a branch of the profunda brachii.
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Where does the ulnar a. run?
It descends the anterior, medial aspect of the forearm and enters the hand to for part of the palmar arch.
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What are the 3 branches off the ulnar a.?
- Anterior ulnar recurrent (ascends to anastomoses with the inferior ulnar collateral a.)
- Posterior ulnar recurrent (ascends to anastomoses with the superior ulnar collateral a.)
- Common interosseous (anterior and posterior)
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Where does the anterior ulnar a. come from and where does it go?
It branches off of the ulnar a. just inferior to the elbow. It the ascends the arm to anastomoses with the inferior ulnar collateral artery.
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Where does the posterior ulnar a. come from and where does it go?
It branches off of the ulnar a. just distal to the anterior ulnar recurrent. It then ascends the arm to anastomoses with the superior ulnar collateral artery.
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What does the anterior interosseous a do?
It runs deep on the anterior surface of the interosseous membrance and supplies the structures of the deep forearm.
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What does the posterior interosseous a. do?
It passes posterior to the interosseous membrane and supplies the structures in the posterior compartment of the forearm.
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