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Define:
Geology
Geology is the scientific study of the Earth
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Define:
Physical Geology
Physical Geology is the study of Earth’s materials, changes of the surfaceand interior of the Earth, and the forces that cause those changes
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List the four practical aspects of Geology
- 1.Understand your surroundings
- 2.Geologic hazards
- 3.Natural resources
- 4.Environmental protection
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Define:
Geologic Hazards
A geologic hazard is a natural geologic event that can endanger human lives and threaten human property.
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Geologic Hazards occur when the ______ Time Scale and ______ Time Scale interact
geologic;human
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Earthquakes and tsunamis are examples of geologic hazards.
true/false?
true
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Why should we balance Resource Extraction and Environmental Protection?
- b/c Earths environment has nonrenewable resources
- ex:
- coal mining can release acids into water
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List the four systems(spheres) of Earth's system
- 1.atmosphere
- 2.hydrosphere
- 3.biosphere
- 4.geosphere
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Describe the Atmosphere of Earth
it is the gases that envelop the Earth
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Describe the Hydrosphere of Earth
has water on or near the Earth's surface
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Describe the Biosphere of Earth
it is all living or once-living materials
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Describe the Geosphere of the Earth
it is rock or other inorganic material that make up the bulk of the planet
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What are the two types of heat engines for Earth?
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The Earth's external heat engine gets its energy from _____.
the sun.
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The Earths internal heat engine gets its energy from ______.
the heat moving from the interior to the cooler exterior
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List the 3 compositional layers of the Earths Interior
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Describe one of the compositional layers of the Earths interior, the crust
- 3 to 70 km thick
- two types:
- Continental Crust-thicker and less dense
- Oceanic Crust-thinner and dense
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Describe one of the Compositional Layers of the Earths interior, the mantle
- 2900 km thick
- it is a hot solid that flows slowly over time:
- Fe- Mg- Si- rich minerals
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Describe one of the Compositional Layers of the Earths interior, the core
- 3400 km radius
- two types:
- Outer Core-metallic liquid; mostly iron(Fe)
- Inner Core-metallic solid:mostly iron (Fe)
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List the 2 Mechanical Layers of the Earths Interior
- 1.Lithosphere
- 2.Asthenosphere
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Describe one of the Mechanical Layers of the Earths interior, Lithosphere
- 100km thick
- ridged/brittle outer shell of Earth
- composed of both curst and uppermost mantle
- makes up Earths tectonic plates
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Describe one of the Mechanical Layers of the Earths interior, Asthenosphere
- the lower mantle
- plastic (capable of flow)
- the zone on which the lithosphere "floats"
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What is the Continental Drift Hypothesis?
- the moving of the continents
- ex: pangea to n.america, s.america, africa,ect.
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When was the Continental Drift Hypothesis proposed?
the early 20th century
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why was the Continental Drift Hypothesis proposed?
to explain the "fit of the continents"; pangea
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what is the plate tectnoics theory?
when the lithosphere is broken into plates that are in motion
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when was the Plate Tectonics Theory proposed?
in the late 1960s
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