-
period of greatest danger for drug-induced developmental defects during pregnancy
first trimester
-
way in which drugs cross the placenta
diffusion
-
the factors that contribute to the safety or potential harm of drug therapy during pregnancy can be broadly broken down into three areas:
- drug properties
- fetal gestational age
- maternal factors
-
drugs chemical properties and dosages: (5)
- molecular weight
- capacity for protein binding
- lipid soluability
- duration of dosage
- concurrent drug
-
rapid growth of fetus takes place during the __ trimester
1st
-
during the __ trimester, the greatest percentage of maternally absorbed drug gets to the fetus
last
-
maternal factors: (2)
- kidney/liver function
- genetic lack of certain enzymes
- bad liver = less drug is metabolized
- bad kidneys = less drug excretion
-
__ infants are at risk for exposure to drugs consumed by the mother. consideration of risk to benefit ratio.
breastfed
-
factors affecting pediatric drug dosages
- skin is thin and permeable
- stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria
- lungs have weaker mucus barriers
- body temp less well regulated, and dehydration occurs easily
- liver and kidneys are immature, impairing drug metabolism and excretion
-
methods of dosage calculation for pediatric patients:
- body surface area method - uses the west nomogram
- always use weight in kg, not pounds
- body weight dose calculations
-
converting pounds to kg
pounds / 2.2
-
considerations for elderly patients
- elderly - 65 and older
- high use of medications
- polypharmacy - many meds
- noncompliance, nonadherence
- increased incidence of chronic illness
- sensory and motor deficits
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