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Cultural relativism
Universal morals difficult to find because of cultural differences, n valid pbilosophy
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Problems with social relativism
Doesn't allow growth by questioning culture, means you have to accept Hitler because that's his culture
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Difference in beliefs
Beliefs are very similar though they may be looked at from different ways by different cultures
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Determine right from wrong?
Would you want it done to you
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Meta ethics
Definition of terms
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Ethics
Study of moral rights and wrongs
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Normative ethics
Clear accounts of right and wrong
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Epistemology
Study of knowledge
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Determinism
No free will, decisions made by external sources
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Preferances
Not true or false (regan)
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Moral judgements imply
A denial of the opposing opinion, both can't be true
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Our opinion or right or wrong
Doesn't change the underlying truth of it being right or wrong
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Moral authorities
God's or establishes who are infallible, always right
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Moral authority problems
A gods ethics must be Tangible to judge, and must be judged by an external standard, negating moral authority because they can be wrong
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Applied ethics
Studies Specific problems or delivers and applies Normative ethics
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Prescriptive
What you should do
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Descriptive
Presenting facts of case
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Intrinsic value
Valuable in and of itself
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Extrinsic (instumental) value
Value outside itself or useful for something
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Human dignity
Intrinsic value of human life
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Non-metal choice
Not good bad right wrong, like choosing pen color
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Moral choice
Deciding to tell the truth instead of lying
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Immoral choice
Choosing to lie instead of tell the truth
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Human info acceptance
We accept a large portion of our knowledge without verifying or questioning
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Egoism
We're only good because people can tie us to our actions, if no consequences we'd all screw each other over, and that would be moral
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Ethical egoism
How man should act
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Psychological egoism
All men selfish implicitly
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Helping others
Selfish because you get recognition, or a feeling, or a favor
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Problems with egoism
Obligations can't be accounted for because they involve doing something even when you want to do something else more
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Self interest
Doing what's right for you
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Selfishness
Doing what's good for you I'm spite or in harm of others
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Concern for welfare
Protecting your welfare not selfish even if at others detriment
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Egoist problems
One can be one but all can't, if you're an Egoist, it's not in your interest to make others egoists
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Egoism problem self harm
We can make decisions against our self interest for pleasure (smoking)
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Morality free happiness
Change says so crates wrong, you can be truly happy even while making immoral decisions
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Socrates moral happiness
Can't be truly happy if immoral because weight of those choices will always pull you towards unhappiness
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Cahn moral happiness
Disagrees with Socrates, if your immorality is accepted and justified to you you can be truly happy while immoral
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Superficial happiness
Not worrying and having fun is not true happiness
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Understanding hapiness
People can think they are truly happy because they don't understand true happiness and thus can't verify
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Happiness through superficial
Unsustainable, those things will always go away
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General happiness
Overview of your life, not just your current mindset
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Immoral happiness
Supposedly temporary due to suspension of moral honesty
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Socrates harm
Good people can't be harmed because all they need is moral integrity and no one can take that from them
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Popular opinion
Has no Intrinsic meaningfulness or value, only worthy of consideration if informed and ethical
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Quality vs quanitity
Living well and happy is better than compromising those things for living longer
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Socrates living well
Living well is living morally
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Justice perspective
Just or injust doesn't change when it's about you instead of someone else and does not justify immorality for self preservation
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