-
The cytoplasm is suspended in a fluid matrix called _____________.
Cytosol
-
Cytosol consist of 3 things:
1.
2.
3.
- 1. water
- 2. proteins
- 3. nutrients
-
Proteins that attach to the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane are called ______________.
Peripheral proteins
-
Proteins that span across the membrane are called ______________.
Integral Proteins
-
______________ found in the plasma membrane of certain cells (such as the kidneys, plant roots) dramatically increase the passage rate of water molecules.
aquaporins
-
Recognition proteins are ___________ because they have short polysaccharide chains (oligosaccharides) attached.
glycoproteins
-
The nucleus is bounded by the nuclear envelope consisting of how many phospholipid bilayers?
TWO!
-
Histones serve to organize the lengthy DNA, coiling it into bundles called ______________.
Nucleosomes
-
The _____________ attaches polysaccharide groups to polypeptides as they are assembled by the ribosomes.
Rough ER
-
The ___________ is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and hormones.
Smooth ER
-
In liver cells, __________ is involved in the breakdown of toxins, drugs, and toxic by products from cellular reactions.
Smooth ER
-
Lysosomes are found in :
a. animal cells
b. plant cells
c. both
animal cells
LYSOSOMES ARE NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AT ALL !
-
Peroxisomes are common in what type of cells?
- Liver
- Kidney
- *where they break down toxic substances
-
______________ break down H2O2, fatty acids, and amino acids.
Peroxisomes
-
In plants _____________ modify by-products of photorespiration, a process by which CO2 is diverted from its use in photosynthesis.
peroxisomes
-
In germinating seeds, _______________ (called glyoxysomes) break down stored fatty acids to help generate energy for growth.
Peroxisomes
-
The cytoskeleton contains 3 types of elements:
1.
2.
3.
- 1. actin filaments
- 2. intermediate filaments
- 3. microtubules
-
Actin filaments
- long, extremely thin fibers
- occur in bundles or meshlike networks
- contains two chains of globular actin monomers twisted in a helical manner
- play a structural role when they form a dense, complex web just under the plasma membrane where they are anchored by special proteins
-
The presence of a network of _______ filaments lying beneath the plasma membrane accounts for the formation of pseudopods, extensions that allow certain cells to move in an amoeboid fashion.
Actin
-
How are actin filaments involved in the movement of cell and its oraganelles?
They interact with motor molecules
-
Intermediate filaments
- rope-like assembly of fibrous polypeptides.
- some support the nuclear envelope
- some support the plasma membrane and take part in formation of cell-to-cell junctions.
- In the skin, the filaments which are made up of protein keratin, give great mechanical strength of skin cells
-
Which motor molecule is associated with actin filaments?
molecule myosin
-
Which motor molecules are associated with microtubules?
kinesis and dynein.
-
In microtubules, _______________ moves vesicles or organelles in an opposite direction from dynein.
kinesis
-
Centrioles
- short cylinders
- 9+0 pattern of microtubule triplets
-
Centrioles are believed to give rise to _____________.
Basal bodies
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